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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is spontaneous regression?
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Regression of metastasis after primary tumor is removed. Implies that immunosurveillance is legit
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True or false: humoral immunity is most important in immunosurveillance
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False; cell-mediated immunity is most important
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What is proposed by the enhancing theory?
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Immune response to tumor actually ENHANCES tumor development, since Abs block binding sites on the tumor and prevent cell-cell interactions
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True or false: data suggests that complement succesfully destroys tumors
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False; complement does not seem to kill tumors
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What cell is the key player in tumor immunosurveillance?
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T cells
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What piece of evidence suggests that NK cells are not the major tumor immunosurveillance cells?
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Tumors resistant to NK cells are not selected for
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What are LAK cells? What activates them?
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Lymphokine activated killer cells; they kill tumor cells. Activated by IL-2.
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What is the HAMA response?
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The patient producing Abs to input therapeutic Abs.
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How did Zevalin improve on Rituxan? What is Zevalin also called?
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Zevalin is superior to Rituxan in that it is radioactive. Also called Bexxar.
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What receptor does Rituxan bind? Zevalin? Bexxar?
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All bind CD20 antigen of B cells.
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True or false: rituxan targets and kills ALL B cells
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This is true. You kill the good and the bad; good grows back from bone marrow
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What type of cancer does Rituxan treat?
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Low grade follicular B cell non-Hodgkins leukemia
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What type of cancer does Mylotag treat?
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Acute myeloid leukemia
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What is the mechanism of Mylotag?
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Binds CD33 receptor; internalized; bound to cytotoxic molecule that leads to DNA fragmentation
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What does herceptin treat? What is the mechanism of action?
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Metastatic breast cancer with HER2/neu receptor. Mechanism: blocks the HER2/neu receptor, which is a growth factor receptor; this prevents tumor growth.
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What are the side effects of herceptin?
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1) Heart muscle damage that can trigger heart failure
2) Lung damage 3) Allergic reactions |
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Which cancer drug cannot be used right after surgery?
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Avasatin; it messes up angiogenesis, which messes up healing
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What is Avastin FDA-approved for?
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1) Colorectal cancer
2) Non small cell lung cancer |
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What monocloncal Ab induces apoptosis by binding death receptor 4 or 5?
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HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2
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What interferon inhibits tumor cell growth? Normal cell growth?
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Tumor --> Alpha
Normal --> Beta |
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Interferons modulate MHC activity. What is the good change? What is the bad change?
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Good change is that MHC type I is up-regulated; this enhances CTL activity. However, MHC type II is down-regulated. This messes up the ability for T cells to help with the CTL activity.
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What is the standard therapy for renal cell cancer?
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IFN-alpha with IL-2
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What interleukin has FDA approval for tumor treatment?
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IL-2
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What are the side effects of IL-2 treatment?
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Fever, chills, vomiting, etc. Feel terrible
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What is levamisole used to treat? What does it activate?
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Colorectal cancer. T cells.
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What is a unique detail of vaccines used to treat tumors? Exception?
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They are used as a therapy rather than a preventative measure. An exception is the HPV vaccine; kill HPV virus before it can produce cervical cancer.
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