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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Taxonomy Recall: 5 subfamilies
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Callitrichinae
Atelinae Cebinae Pithecinae Aotinae…..last of 5 |
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Taxonomy Recall: 5 subfamilies
Callitrichinae Atelinae Cebinae Pithecinae ---…..last of 5 |
Aotinae
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Owl monkey, Night monkey or Douroucoulis
--- with one---species Consistently monogamous social organization Originally 1 species, now 11! Genus Aotis names means “without” “ear” referring to tiny earlobes |
Nocturnal; cathermeral
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Owl monkey, Night monkey or Douroucoulis
Nocturnal with one cathermeral species Consistently ---amous social organization Originally 1 species, now ---! Genus Aotis names means “without” “ear” referring to tiny earlobes |
monog;11
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Owl monkey, Night monkey or Douroucoulis
Nocturnal with one cathermeral species Consistently monogamous social organization Originally ---species, now 11! Genus Aotis names means ---referring to--- |
1 ;“without” “ear” ; tiny earlobes
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Owl monkey, Night monkey or Douroucoulis
Nocturnal with one cathermeral species Consistently monogamous social organization Originally 1 species, now 11! ---names means “without” “ear” referring to tiny earlobes |
Genus Aotis
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Nocturnal with one cathermeral species Consistently monogamous social organization Originally 1 species, now 11! Genus Aotis names means “without” “ear” referring to tiny earlobes |
Owl monkey, Night monkey or Douroucoulis
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on--- Moon phase impacts nocturnal census data Group size 2 – 6 individuals solitary animals of both sexes also observed (young emigrants transferring, old evicted individuals) |
activity cycle
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on activity cycle --- impacts nocturnal census data Group size 2 – 6 individuals --- of both sexes also observed (young emigrants transferring, old evicted individuals) |
Moon phase;solitary animals
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on activity cycle Moon phase impacts --- Group size 2 – 6 individuals solitary animals of both sexes also observed (young emigrants transferring, old evicted individuals) |
nocturnal census data
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on activity cycle Moon phase impacts nocturnal census data Group size --- individuals solitary animals of --- also observed (young emigrants transferring, old evicted individuals) |
2 – 6;both sexes
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on activity cycle Moon phase impacts nocturnal census data Group size 2 – 6 individuals solitary animals of both sexes also observed (--- transferring, ---evicted individuals) |
young emigrants;old
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Populations and Social groups
Reliability of census data depends on activity cycle Moon phase impacts nocturnal census data Group size 2 – 6 individuals solitary animals of both sexes also observed (young emigrants ---, old---) |
transferring; evicted individuals
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species ---hectares, travel farther with moonlight than without Territorial = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
<1.0 to 10
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, --- with moonlight than without Territorial = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
travel farther
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, travel farther with --- Territorial = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
moonlight than without
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, travel farther with moonlight than without --- = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
Territorial
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, travel farther with moonlight than without Territorial = defend home range from other groups (---) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
Vocalization, Chasing
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Ranging and territoriality
Home ranges vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, travel farther with moonlight than without Territorial = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? --- |
Food resources
Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
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Ranging and territoriality
--- vary by species <1.0 to 10 hectares, travel farther with moonlight than without Territorial = defend home range from other groups (Vocalization, Chasing) Why? Food resources Mating/reproductive opportunities? |
Home ranges
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Diet and feeding ecology
Little data on --- species Frugivores – especially figs Greater % leaf eating in --- and--- species Insect eating observed but not quantified |
nocturnal;cathemeral (day and night active) ; crepuscular (dawn/dusk activity)
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Diet and feeding ecology
---on nocturnal species Frugivores – especially figs Greater % leaf eating in cathemeral (---) and crepuscular (---) species Insect eating observed but not quantified |
Little data ;day and night active;dawn/dusk activity
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Diet and feeding ecology
Little data on nocturnal species ---ores Greater % leaf eating in cathemeral (day and night active) and crepuscular (dawn/dusk activity) species --- observed but not quantified |
Frugiv;Insect eating
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Diet and feeding ecology
Little data on nocturnal species Frugivores – especially--- Greater % leaf eating in cathemeral (day and night active) and crepuscular (dawn/dusk activity) species Insect eating observed but not --- |
figs;quantified
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Diet and feeding ecology
Little data on nocturnal species Frugivores – especially figs --- in cathemeral (day and night active) and crepuscular (dawn/dusk activity) species Insect eating observed but not quantified |
Greater % leaf eating
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially---mous but with high turnover of both sexes (---) One infant per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old Interbirth interval shortens with increased length of pair bond Extensive male caretaking, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
monoga;serial monogamy
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with --- of both sexes One infant per year, first birth at---years old Interbirth interval shortens with increased length of pair bond Extensive male caretaking, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
high turnover; 2.5 – 5
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with high turnover of ---(serial monogamy) ---infant(s) per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old Interbirth interval shortens with increased length of pair bond Extensive male caretaking, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
both sexes ;One
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with high turnover of both sexes (serial monogamy) One infant per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old --- shortens with increased length of pair bond Extensive ---, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
Interbirth interval;male caretaking
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with high turnover of both sexes (serial monogamy) One infant per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old Interbirth interval--- with increased length of pair bond Extensive male caretaking, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
shortens
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with high turnover of both sexes (serial monogamy) One infant per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old Interbirth interval shortens with --- Extensive male caretaking, why? Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
increased length of pair bond
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Reproduction and Mating
Socially monogamous but with high turnover of both sexes (serial monogamy) One infant per year, first birth at 2.5 – 5 years old Interbirth interval shortens with increased length of pair bond Extensive male caretaking, why? --- |
Increase offspring survival/protection from infanticide
Increase foraging time for females (Mom) Mating effort (see above on IBI) |
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Dispersal patterns
---disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed dispersal --- are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
Both sexes ;Animals of both sexes
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, --- may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed dispersal Animals of both sexes are --- for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
timing of dispersal;solitary
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to --- Some evidence for delayed dispersal Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after --- Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
birth season;leaving their natal group
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for ---dispersal Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group --- may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
delayed ;Location of a breeding partner
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed --- Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
dispersal
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed dispersal Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean ---and --- chase off one member of a breeding pair signs of injury to both sexes indicate history of physical conflict) |
aggressive confrontation ;intrasexual competition
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed dispersal Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition chase off --- signs of injury to both sexes indicate --- |
one member of a breeding pair;history of physical conflict)
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Dispersal patterns
Both sexes disperse, timing of dispersal may be linked to birth season Some evidence for delayed dispersal Animals of both sexes are solitary for a while after leaving their natal group Location of a breeding partner may mean aggressive confrontation and intrasexual competition ---one member of a breeding pair --- indicate history of physical conflict) |
chase off ;signs of injury to both sexes
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Owl Monkey’s unusual activity patterns
ONLY--- monkey or ape One--- species allows test of hypotheses Foraging/feeding advantage? Predator avoidance advantage? |
nocturnal; cathemeral
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Owl Monkey’s unusual activity patterns
ONLY nocturnal monkey or ape One cathemeral species allows test of hypotheses ---advantage? ---advantage? |
Foraging/feeding ;Predator avoidance
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---unusual activity patterns
ONLY nocturnal monkey or ape One cathemeral species allows test of hypotheses Foraging/feeding advantage? Predator avoidance advantage? |
Owl Monkey’s
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Adaptive Radiation revisited
An adaptive radiation produces---5 Niche – all aspects of a species’ interface with the biotic and abiotic world around them (i.e. activity schedule, preferred diet and feeding ecology, predator-prey relationships, social behavior, and more) Each NWM subfamily has a general shared niche with niche overlap/competitive exclusion among members of the subfamily which gives rise to more narrowly defined, discrete niches for individual species |
(1) multiple descendent lineages, from a (2)single common ancestor, which occupy (3) distinctive niches. Both the(4) potential and the (5) opportunity for radiation are important components of the process.
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Adaptive Radiation revisited
An adaptive radiation produces (1) multiple descendent lineages, from a (2)single common ancestor, which occupy (3) distinctive niches. Both the(4) potential and the (5) opportunity for radiation are important components of the process. --- – all aspects of a species’ interface with the biotic and abiotic world around them (i.e. activity schedule, preferred diet and feeding ecology, predator-prey relationships, social behavior, and more) Each NWM subfamily has a general shared niche with niche overlap/competitive exclusion among members of the subfamily which gives rise to more narrowly defined, discrete niches for individual species |
Niche
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Adaptive Radiation revisited
An adaptive radiation produces (1) multiple descendent lineages, from a (2)single common ancestor, which occupy (3) distinctive niches. Both the(4) potential and the (5) opportunity for radiation are important components of the process. Niche – all aspects of a species’ interface with the biotic and abiotic world around them (i.e. activity schedule, preferred diet and feeding ecology, predator-prey relationships, social behavior, and more) ---has a general shared niche with niche overlap/competitive exclusion among members of the subfamily which gives rise to more narrowly defined, discrete niches for individual species |
Each NWM subfamily
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--- produces (1) multiple descendent lineages, from a (2)single common ancestor, which occupy (3) distinctive niches. Both the(4) potential and the (5) opportunity for radiation are important components of the process.
Niche – all aspects of a species’ interface with the biotic and abiotic world around them (i.e. activity schedule, preferred diet and feeding ecology, predator-prey relationships, social behavior, and more) Each NWM subfamily has a general shared niche with niche overlap/competitive exclusion among members of the subfamily which gives rise to more narrowly defined, discrete niches for individual species |
Adaptive Radiation revisited
An adaptive radiation |
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---subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the platyrrhini adaptive radiation.
Gum/sap eating is exclusive or common Small body size and “claws” Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition |
Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae |
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Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the---. Gum/sap eating is exclusive or common Small body size and “claws” Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition |
platyrrhini adaptive radiation
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Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the platyrrhini adaptive radiation. --- eating is exclusive or common Small body size and “claws” Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition |
Gum/sap;
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Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the platyrrhini adaptive radiation. Gum/sap eating is exclusive or common ---body size and “claws” Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition |
Small
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Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the platyrrhini adaptive radiation. Gum/sap eating is exclusive or common Small--- and--- Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition |
body size; “claws”
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Callitrichinae
The callitrichinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species. These common features are important in understanding their role in the platyrrhini adaptive radiation. Gum/sap eating is exclusive or common Small body size and “claws” Reproductive strategies are unique among primates: --- |
high reproductive potential/output, rapid reproduction, cooperative care – but also competition
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---
Despite subfamily niche overlap there are clear distinctions between the two main groups within the subfamily - marmosets are the smallest and have the highest % of gum/sap - tamarins are slightly larger, slightly lower reproductive output and are largely frugivorous |
Callitrichinae
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Callitrichinae
Despite subfamily niche overlap there are clear distinctions between the two main groups within the subfamily ---- are the smallest and have the highest % of gum/sap - ---are slightly larger, slightly lower reproductive output and are largely frugivorous |
marmosets;tamarins
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Callitrichinae
Despite subfamily niche overlap there are clear distinctions between the two main groups within the subfamily - marmosets are the smallest and have the highest % of --- - tamarins are slightly larger, slightly lower reproductive output and are largely---rous |
gum/sap; frugivo
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Callitrichinae
Despite subfamily niche overlap there are clear distinctions between the two main groups within the subfamily - marmosets are the ---est and have the highest % of gum/sap - tamarins are slightly ---, slightly--- reproductive output and are--- frugivorous |
small;larger; lower; largely
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Callitrichinae
Despite subfamily niche overlap there are clear distinctions between the two main groups within the subfamily - marmosets are the smallest and have the--- % of gum/sap - tamarins are slightly larger, slightly lower --- and are largely frugivorous |
highest;reproductive output
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---subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
Atelinae
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all--- Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common ---, some ---) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
NWMs;male philopatry;fission/fusion
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species --- of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are ---rous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more ---rous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
Larger-largest body size;folivo;frugivo
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs --- locomotion and positional behavior --- dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
Ape-like;Ape-like
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like ---and ---- Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
locomotion ;positional behavior
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like ---and --- Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
dispersal ;grouping patterns
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important --- are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed ---are much more frugivorous, females disperse, males are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
Howlers;Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, ---- disperse have dominance hierarchies and --- competition, both single male and multi-male groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, --- disperse, --- are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
both sexes;intrasexual;females;males
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Cebinae
Less uniform group but characterized by --- Polyspecific associations |
intelligence
Tool use, extractive foraging |
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Less uniform group but characterized by intelligence Tool use, extractive foraging Polyspecific associations |
Cebinae
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Cebinae
--- group but characterized by intelligence Tool use, extractive foraging Polyspecific associations |
Less uniform
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Cebinae
Less uniform group but characterized by intelligence Tool use, extractive foraging --- associations |
Polyspecific
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Cebinae
--- Wide ranging, diverse diet, female philopatry (unusual for NWM), parallel male dispersal, slow/long period of development |
Capuchin monkey
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Cebinae
Capuchin monkey --- ranging, --- diet, --- philopatry (unusual for NWM), parallel male dispersal, slow/long period of development |
Wide;diverse;female
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Cebinae
Capuchin monkey Wide ranging, diverse diet, female philopatry (--- for NWM), parallel male dispersal, slow/long period of --- |
unusual;development
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Cebinae
Capuchin monkey Wide ranging, diverse diet, female philopatry (unusual for NWM), ---dispersal, slow/long period of development |
parallel male
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Cebinae
Capuchin monkey Wide ranging, diverse diet, female philopatry (unusual for NWM), parallel male dispersal, ---period of development |
slow/long
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Cebinae
--- More narrow habitat preference, high % time foraging for insects but diet varies in % of fruit and corresponds with predicted dispersal grouping patterns (socioecology models); reproductive bio…fatted males! |
Squirrel monkey
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Cebinae
Squirrel monkey ---habitat preference, high % time--- but diet varies in % of fruit and corresponds with predicted dispersal grouping patterns (socioecology models); reproductive bio…fatted males! |
More narrow ; foraging for insects
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Cebinae
Squirrel monkey More narrow---, high % time foraging for insects but diet varies in --- and corresponds with predicted dispersal grouping patterns (socioecology models); reproductive bio…fatted males! |
habitat preference;% of fruit
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Cebinae
Squirrel monkey More narrow habitat preference, ---foraging for insects but diet varies in % of fruit and corresponds with --- |
high % time ;predicted dispersal grouping patterns
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Cebinae
Squirrel monkey More narrow habitat preference, high % time foraging for insects but diet varies in % of fruit and corresponds with predicted dispersal grouping patterns (--- models); reproductive bio…---males! |
socioecology;fatted
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---subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Anterior dentition adapted for hard fruit/seed eating Diversity in social and grouping behavior Titi monkeys and sakis small group, some monogamy Bearded sakis and uakaris large groups, poorly studied |
Pithecinae
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Pithecinae
The pithecinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species --- adapted for hard fruit/seed eating Diversity in social and grouping behavior Titi monkeys and sakis small group, some monogamy Bearded sakis and uakaris large groups, poorly studied |
Anterior dentition
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Pithecinae
The pithecinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Anterior dentition adapted for --- Diversity in social and grouping behavior Titi monkeys and sakis small group, some monogamy Bearded sakis and uakaris large groups, poorly studied |
hard fruit/seed eating
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Pithecinae
The pithecinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Anterior dentition adapted for hard fruit/seed eating Diversity in ---and --- Titi monkeys and sakis small group, some monogamy Bearded sakis and uakaris large groups, poorly studied |
social ;grouping behavior
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Pithecinae
The pithecinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Anterior dentition adapted for hard fruit/seed eating Diversity in social and grouping behavior --- small group, some monogamy ---large groups, poorly studied |
Titi monkeys and sakis;Bearded sakis and uakaris
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Pithecinae
The pithecinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Anterior dentition adapted for hard fruit/seed eating Diversity in social and grouping behavior Titi monkeys and sakis --- group, some ---amy Bearded sakis and uakaris--- groups, poorly studied |
small;monog; large
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Only nocturnal taxa in suborder anthropoidea consistently monogamous high level paternal care In terms of diversity Activity patterns can include cathemeral and crepuscular activity |
Aotinae
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Aotinae
Only --- taxa in suborder anthropoidea consistently monogamous high level paternal care In terms of diversity Activity patterns can include cathemeral and crepuscular activity |
nocturnal
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Aotinae
Only nocturnal taxa in suborder --- consistently monogamous high level paternal care In terms of diversity Activity patterns can include cathemeral and crepuscular activity |
anthropoidea
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Aotinae
Only nocturnal taxa in suborder anthropoidea consistently ---mous ---paternal care In terms of diversity Activity patterns can include cathemeral and crepuscular activity |
monoga;high level
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Aotinae
Only nocturnal taxa in suborder anthropoidea consistently monogamous high level --- In terms of diversity Activity patterns can include --- and --- |
paternal care;cathemeral;crepuscular activity
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Atelinae
The atelinae subfamily shows some common features (niche overlap) among species Larger-largest body size of all NWMs Ape-like locomotion and positional behavior Ape-like dispersal and grouping patterns (common male philopatry, some fission/fusion) Distinction among the 4 monkeys are also important Howlers are folivorous, both sexes disperse have dominance hierarchies and intrasexual competition, --- groups observed Spider monkey, wooly monkey and muriquis are much more frugivorous, females---, males --- *** review specifics of group by group convergences with African apes (gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo) |
both single male and multi-male; disperse;are philopatric and either tolerant or affiliative
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