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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are stimuli that elicit tissue damage and activate nociceptors?
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noxious
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nociceptors have what kind of distal receptors?
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free nerve endings
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what type of channels do nociceptors contain at their nerve endings?
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transient receptor potential (TRP) channels
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what do TRP channels do?
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transdue noxious stimuli into receptor potentials
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T/F: nociceptors are found in both the PNS and CNS
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false-- no nociceptors in the CNS
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nociceptor cell bodies are located where?
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dorsal root ganglia (body) or trigeminal ganglia (face)
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what are the 4 types of skin nociceptors?
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speficic, thermal, chemical, and polymodal
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what do specific nociceptors respond to?
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intense mechanical: pinching, cutting, stretching
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what do thermal nociceptors respond to?
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intense mechanical + thermal stimuli
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what do chemical nociceptors respond to?
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chemical substances
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what do polymodal nociceptors respond to?
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intense mechanical + thermal + chemical
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what 2 neuropeptide types in joint capsules are believed to play a role in inflammatory arthritis?
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SP and CGRP
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what receptors are normally unresponsive but awake to mechanical stimulation during inflammation/injury?
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silent/sleep nociceptors
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damaged tissue release what substances that can activate APs?
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globulin, protein kinases, arachidonic acid, histamine, NGF, SP, CGRP, K+, serotonin, ACh, ATP, lactic acid
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what reaction does aspirin block?
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conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin
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how does NGF lead to nociceptor activation?
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binds TrkA receptors on surface
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peripheral sensitization (decreases/increases) the threshold for nociceptors
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decreases
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what is an increased painful sensation in response to additional noxious stimuli?
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hyperalgesia
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what is pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally cause pain?
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allodynia
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different degrees of pain intensity are defined as what?
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just noticeable differences (JND)
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T/F: nociceptors provide information on pain location as well as stimulus intensity
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true
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A delta fibers are group _____
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3
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C fibers are group ____
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4
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which has a larger receptive field- A delta or C fibers?
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C fibers (less precise)
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in general, what type of nociceptor transmit info via A delta fibers in Rexed layer I?
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specific (mechanical)
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the nociceptors for chemical or thermal stimuli carry their activity mainly in ________
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C fibers
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how can you experimentally block A delta fibers?
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externally applied pressure
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how can you experimentally block C fibers?
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local anesthesia
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what are the nociceptive neurons located in Rexed lamina I & II called?
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nocinuerons
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nocineurons excited by release of what neurotransmitter?
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glutamate
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what is it called when NMDA receptors in the nocineurons become more sensitive to glutamate?
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central sensitization
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what are the 4 types of nocineurons in the spinal cord?
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speficic, chemical, thermal, polymodal
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what excites nociceptive specific neurons?
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only noxious cutaneous or visceral stimuli
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T/F: Rexed lamina I contains more specific nocineurons while Rexed lamina II contains more polymodal nocineurons
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true
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what are the 3 major types of pain?
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pricking (A delta), burning (C), aching (C)
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pricking pain is carried via which spinothalamic tract?
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neospinothalamic
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burning pain is carried via which spinothalamic tract?
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archispinothalamic
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aching pain is carried via which spinothalamic tract?
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paleospinothalamic
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