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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
-an individual's unique variation -expressed as a developing pattern of dispositional traits - characerstive adaptations - self defining life-narratives ~differentialy situated in culture/social context |
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Life narratives |
the story we have constructed about who we are - highly indivualised |
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Characteristic adaptations |
concerns an individual's particular life circumstances - highly contextual e.g specific roles, educational aspiration |
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Dispositional traits |
broad descriptions of patterns of behaviour e.g that person is warm/ shy |
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Dispositional traits |
broad only probabilistic - depends on situation - |
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Traits - structure |
factor analysis - correlated variables to a few factors Alport and Odbert Catell - 16 factors |
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Problems with Cattell's 16 traits |
- subjective -diff people end up with diff reduced set - poor replicability = failed to obtain same 16 - redundancy - some factors correlated too highly |
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5 factor model (big 5 ) |
OCEAN Openness= interested in new ideas Neuroticism = tense, emotional Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness |
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Traits show______over time |
Rank order stability =Maintenance of an individual position's within group |
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Test re-test correlations over 20 years= |
r= .65 |
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Traits become more_____ as we age |
stable |
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As we mature... |
we tend to become more agreeable and conscientious - less neurotic and open to experience extraversion is fairly stable |
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Personality changes (mean level stability) , but relative to others around you (rank order)... |
remains fairly stable |
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Trait assessments correlate over multiple raters (self ratings v peer v parent ratings) |
- shared understanding of person characteristics (convergence of identity and reputation) |
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Trait judgement requires: |
1. display of relevant trait indicator 2. available to perceiver 3. detect and correctly utilise for trait judgement |
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Some traits are more easily judged than others |
- e.g extraversion |
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Self deceptive enhancement |
we have an over-postiive perception of the self that are contradicted by available information we are less accurate at judging traits that are highly evaluative (desirable/undesirle) |
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Traits predict a range of real-world outcomes |
e.g extraversion = better health, happier, dating, status, leadership agreeable = health, longevity, friends, volunteering, less crime conscienctious = less drug use/risk taking, longevity, job performance neuroticism = lower happiness, coping, dissatisfaction, conflict, abuse, criminality, poor financial wellbeing openness = philosphical values, liberal politics, artistic, investigative pursuits |
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Traits are highly heritable |
esp. openness, extraversion |
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Limitations of traits |
- what are traits? - how valid are personality assessments - traits v situations for predicting behaviour big 5 - shared consensus but not an objective proof? |
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Personality is MORE than traits |
'complete picture' just from traits? same scores on big 5 = same people? |
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Traits are |
..generic descriptors, and relatively decontextualised |
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but much of our personality is highly contextualised... so... |
CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS! |
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Characterisitic Adaptations |
Motivational, social- cognitive, developmental adaptations, contextualised in time, place, social role AKA ' Personal concerns' |
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Characteristic adaptations (1) |
Time - stage of life e.g extaverion when you're a toddler Place - specific situation e.g eating with colleague Role - a function/duty e.g lecturer may b diff outside of class |
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2) relatively stable goals, interpretations and strategies specified to life circumstances |
Goals = desired future states e.g wanna be a doctor interpretations = percevied maths abilities? Strategies = plans and actions to move between states e.g exercise routine? |
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Life narratives |
give richest level of personality description narrative identity unity and purpose of the self e.g autobiographies talk a lot about personality |
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Studying life narratives |
- interview focusing on.. key events in life, who's in your life, where your life is going, current and future stresses, personal idealogy, LIFE THEME e.g athletic |
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Focus of content analyses |
tone - posiive? themes - preoccupations with certain problem/goal form - stability/change? rapid change? *common is redemption sequences e.g up to this point... *growth stories |
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limitations of narratives |
no predictive value |
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Characteristic adaptations limitations. |
although it captures some elements of context... unclear structure |
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Dispositional traits |
TOO BROAD, but high predictive value (rank order stability*) |
