Lecture 1: Personality And Social

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- Idiographic

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individual focus

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- Nomothetic

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generalizing about human nature

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- ID

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biological basis of personality wholly unconscious drives behaviour chaotic difficult to control impulses powerful

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- EGO

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sense of self control urges with ID find sources of satisfaction for urges without allowing them to take over

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- SUPEREGO

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an internalised sense of morality internalise parental and society values (person within the personality)

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- Defense mechanisms

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way of dealing with urges that cause conflict

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repression

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a child may suddenly have an intense desire for the parent to die (say

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during a temper tantrum)

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projection

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This involves refusing to see or accept undesirable wishes in oneself and instead attributing them to other people

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Displacement:

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This involves changing the target of a desire if the original target seems threatening. For example

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a worker may wish to hit his or her boss but not express this due to fear of being fired. Instead

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Sublimation:

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This involves channelling a desire felt to be unacceptable into a socially acceptable outlet. Expressing aggression through sport.

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People also learn through observing the consequences of the actions of others

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(vicarious learning)

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Social-cognitive theory

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Bandura impact of social environment

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- Transference

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cfeelings toward people in the past are transferred to people in the present. Eg Father issues = fear of males in authority.

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Reaction formations

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This involves forming an attitude opposite to wishes that are felt to be threatening. For example someone who is staunchly anti-homosexual or homophobic may in fact be defending against their own unconscious homosexual impulses that they feel threatened by.

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- Oedipus complex

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child falls in love with mother envies father represses desire

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- CURRENT PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES

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Less based on psychosexual stages Id ego superego ect. More based on unconscious processes defence mechanisms childhood experiences

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- POST FREUD DEVELOPMENTS

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ego psychology .Object relations. Attachment theory/ similar to object relations. Neuropsychoanalysis- dream theory

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- Ego Psyc

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focus on the ego. Emphasis on social environment relation in the here and now – rather than the past and its influence on the person

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- Ego is the

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(RIDER)

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- ID is the

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(HORSE)

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- HARTMANN’S EGO PSYCHOLOGY

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Drive autonomous ego functions – helps us adapt to world

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- FAIRBAIRN OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY

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We satisfy ID through objects food love objects

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- Libido

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object seeking

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- Personality ego split

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Start with central ego at birth experience a rejection which leads to repression repression leads to fragmentation of the central ego. Central eg libdinal ( needy) ego anti-libdiminal ego ( aggressive and rejects intimacy)

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- Internal objects

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Personality is not just about myself – its about social selves within ourselves (internal objects). We internalise relationships with others – our internal world is a potent force of how we develop relationships

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- MENTALISATION-

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kind of like theory of mind being to see others and ourselves with MENTAL STATES. Helps child organise experience and help child understand what is being felt. Capacity to understand ourselves.

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- MIRROING –

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child originally has no grasp of their own internal minds. Parents mirror these states back to us and helps us understand different states of mind. Eg if we feel anxcious parent reacts to this state and can explain and help us understand what this state is

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- MARKED MIRRORING

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– reflect the experience of the child but making it clear that the care givers state are DIFFERENT to the child

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- BPD

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CAUSE – poor development of emotional regulation due to poor mentalisation

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- Mentalisation as treatment

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Encourage person to reflect on themselves and others – develop ment of mentalisation

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- ATTACHMENT THEORY

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Rejection of Frueds Drive theory

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- Types of attachment style –

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SECURE AVOIDANT INSECURE

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- over active

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needy fear of abandonment proximity seeking hyper sensitivity to rejection )

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- deactivating strategies

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(cut off attachment needs inhibition of proximity seeking actions emotional avoidance).

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- A secure attachment depends on the caregivers

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mental capacity and whether the child feels understood.

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- Ethology:

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scientific study of evolutionary basis of behavior that are: universal instinctive adaptive (survival value)…

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- DEFENSE MECHANISM

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to affect regulation (PSYCHODYNMAIC)

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- REPRESSION AND DEFEENSIVE EXCLUSION

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– primary defense mechanism

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- DE ACTIVATION OF ATTACHMENT SYSTEM –

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emphasis on self reliance experience of proximity is unrewarding tendency to perceive non-viability of proximity seeking

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- HYPER ACTIVATION OF ATTACHMENT SYSTEM –

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Emphasis on helplessness sense of dependence and fear of being alone high costs for perceiving the viability of proximity seeking

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- SECURE ATTACHMENT-

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depend upon caregivers metalizing capacity