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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an organism? |
A living thing -all organisms belong to one of 3 groups |
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What are the 3 groups that all organisms belong to? |
1. Producers 2. consumers 3. Decomposers |
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What is the most important distinction between organisms? |
-Whether they are EUKARYOTES or PROKARYOTES |
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What are Eukaryotes? |
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus -they contain membrane-bound organelles -plants, animals, fungi etc are all eukaryotes. |
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What are two obvious organelles shared by almost all eukaryotes? |
-Nucleus -Mitochondria |
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What is in the nucleus? |
The genetic material organized into chromosomes |
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What happens in mitochondria? |
-energy (ATP) is produced |
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what is an organelle? |
A specialized sub unit within a cell that has a specific function |
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Describe the membrane of a mitochondria? |
-it has a double membrane -the inner layer being folded inward to form layers |
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What are the states of a nucleus? |
1. the way that it is most of the time 2. the way it is before cell division |
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How does a nucleus change before cell division? |
Genetic martial secrets into chromosomes before cell division which look like little x's |
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what are prokaryotes? |
Mostly single-celled bacteria that lacks a nucleus (single cell lies free within the cell) + mitochondria (functions instead are performed by membranes) |
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what is a membrane? |
Selective barrier that allows some things to pass through but stops others |
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What are the 3 kinds of eukaryotic cells? |
Plants, Animals, fungi |
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what does autotrophic mean? |
"self feeding" -energy is used internally to convert inorganic (non-living) into chemicals of life |
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Which o the 3 eukaryotic categories is autotrophic? |
Plants. -They use photosynthesis |
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What does "heterotrophic" mean? |
-requires external sources of biological molecules |
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Which of three categories of eukaryotic cells are heterotrophic? |
-Fungi and Animals -both obtain their food in different ways though |
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How do fungi obtain their food? |
they absorb nutrients through their cell walls as they grow, feeding either on dead or living things -this important as they have a big role in recycling of decaying organisms |
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Plants are eat the same food but do they all have the same growth patterns? |
No -same food but different growth patterns which are divided into Herbaceous, vines and trees. |
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what is the Golgi Apparatus |
-An organelle found in eukaryotic cells -the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. |
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What is a Monophyletic group? |
a monophyletic group is a group of organisms which consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants. |
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What two domains are prokaryotes divided into? |
Archaea and Bacteria |
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What is Archaea? |
The Archaea constitute a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. |
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Where do Prokaryotes store their DNA? |
Cytoplasm |
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why do plants appear green? |
Because their cells contain chloroplasts, which have the pigment chlorophyl whig absorbs deep blue and rd light, making the plant appear green. |
