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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an integrated circuit? |
It's a complex interconnected circuit assembled in a single package for cost reduction in manufacturing and assembly |
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What is the Microprocessor? |
It is an integrated circuit (IC) that performs and processes a set of logical and digital arithmetic instructions. |
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What is Single core, Multi core, and an embedded system? |
Single core : has a single microprocessor per package Multi core: has multiple microprocessors per package embedded system: The microprocessor is embedded in a physical system such as motors, robots, engines or other physical systems along with sensors to control and monitor the operation of that physical system. |
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What are the digital hardware blocks of a microprocessor? |
Control Unit: it controls the overall operation ALU: performs arithmetic and logic operations in hardware Stack and Program Counter: The stack hold few of the next instructions. The program counter keeps track of the current and next instructions. Low Level Registers: high speed gerneal purpose registers that hold the data, instructions, and configurations BUS: the wired matrix that is responsible for transporting data and instructions from one block to another IO ports: designated input output ports that exchange data with the outside world such as memory or peripherals and external components (Memory, USB) |
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What is the microcontroller? |
Microcontroller is a system-on-chip IC which has these components: Microprocessor Memory Peripherals -Peripheral BUS -ADC Analog to digital converter -USB -CAN controller area network -12C inter integrate circuit -Ethernet -other peripherals |
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Why would we use Muxes and DeMuxes for modules? |
Muxes maybe used to select the module that would put data on the BUS and to configure the hardware of the module(Ex. A mux is used to configure the IO pin to be an input or output) Demuxes maybe used to select the module that would read data from the BUS |
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What is a BUS? |
An interconnected matrix (wires) that transports data and instructions from one module to another by electronically transporting data as digital signals (1's and 0's) It carries 3 different signals 1) Data signals PIC32 has 32-bit words 2)Instruction signals that carry the program instructions 3)Control Signals that enable disable or reset different modules. |
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Types of BUS architecture |
Von Neumann Architecture: Data and instructions aretransport on the same bus (wires) Harvard Architecture: The data are transferred on adifferent bus than the instruction bus. With this there are two buses, a data bus and an instruction bus – It allows pipelining and it has higher throughput |
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What is a Clock? |
Clock is a special circuit that generates aperiodic square signal with logic ‘0’ and ‘1’– The clock can be be generated using :• Internal circuit (LC oscillator)• External (LC Crystal oscillator) |
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What is a register? |
• A register that holds the data for one clock cycle |
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How does a clock work in a microprocessor? |
• The clock synchronizes the wholesystem. The clock is used to loaddata, fetch instructions frommemory, execute instruction,control a module, …– A register with enable and reset.• The enable signal is sent by the controlunit to connect that specific register tothe bus; otherwise, the register willkeep its stored value• If enabled, the data are stored on therising edge of the clock• The control unit may reset the registerto 0s |
