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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is chemistry self organizing?
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a
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chemical bonds
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Attractions between atoms that involve transferring or sharing electrons
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what are molecules composed of
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– Two or more atoms held together
• If atoms identical, form elements • If atoms different, form compounds |
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biological molecules
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Most biologically important molecules are carbon based
– Carbon compounds called organic compounds – Compounds containing only C & H called hydrocarbons – Many organic compounds have functional groups, groups of atoms that participate in chemical reactions |
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why is carbon so important
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Provides the Organic framework for larger compounds
– 4 electrons in it’s outer shell, wants 8 – share 4 electrons with other elements by covalent bonds |
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ionic bond
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oppositely charged ions (atoms charged from gaining or losing an electron). [i.e NaCl]
– Electron(s) transferred in this bond type |
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covalent bond
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occur when electrons are shared between atoms ( H20)
shared unequally: polar molecule shared equally: nonpolar molecule |
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hydroxyl group
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found in alcohols and sugars
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carbonyl group
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found in sugars made up of carbon and oxygen
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amino group
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found in amino acids and in urine
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is water polar
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yes water has polarity, and is attracted to itself and other molecules
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The ______ end is (-) charged & _______ end has a (+) charge= polarity
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oxygen; hydrogen
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water is attracted to other water-
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cohesion
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water attracted to other molecules
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adhesion
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large macromolecules
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Important in the formation of proteins, enzymes, cellular structures, DNA
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Some are _______, chains of smaller subunits called ________
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polymers; monomers
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polymers
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synthesized by dehydration synthesis ... chemical reactin that removes a molecule pf water
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hydrolisis
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(chemical reaction that adds a molecule of water)
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lipids
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Hydrophobic/ Nonpolar; do not mix with water
• Important for cells – Examples of lipids: • Fats, oils, waxes, Steroids |
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dietary fats are triglycerides
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beef vegetable oils
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saturated fats
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all C-atoms bonded to max # H- atoms
– Animal fats, tropical plant oils (cocoa, palm) – Linear shape, allows compact storage – High melting point, solid at room temperature1 |
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unsaturated fats
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Some C=C double bonds – Plant oils, fish fats
• Some (omega-3 fatty acids) actually beneficial – Bent fatty acids, less compact storage – Lower melting point, liquid at room temp |
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would an animal want to be mad e up of saturateed or unsaturated fats
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un b/c saturated would make them stiff
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hydrogenated
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trans fat/ partially hydrogenated oil
artificially added H atoms remain solid at room temp used in snack foods bad for our health |
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a
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a
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