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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is recombinant DNA?
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Results from artificially joining together DNA from different sources invitro("in glass", not within a living organism).
-The DNA sources are often from different species…(or created in the lab from a sythesizer) Example: human gene + bacterial gene |
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What is biotechnology?
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use of microorganisms,
cells, or cell components to make a product ($$$) |
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What is a vector?
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a self-replicating DNA molecule that is used as a carrier to transmit a gene from one organism or cell into another.
-AKA = cloning vector -can be a plasmidor a virus |
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What are the different types of vectors?
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-can be a plasmidor a virus
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What are the three properties that a vector must have in recombinant DNA technology?
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Replicon - origin of replication
Selectable marker - allows for selection; is often a bacterial gene that confers antibiotic resistance -some of the often used antibiotic resistance are ampr, kanr, tetr, etc. Polylinker - is a small region of DNA that contains multiple unique restriction sites that are not found elsewhere -It is where foreign DNA are inserted (ligated) |
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What are the properties of a plasmid?
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-Circular double stranded DNA
-These occur naturally in bacteria, yeast, and lower eukaryotic systems -Can be parasitic or symbiotic with the host cell -Replicate separately from the chromosomal DNA of the cell due to presence of origin of replication -Are usually ~3 Kb and are used to clone relatively small DNA fragments (e.g. < 5 kb) |
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What are restriction enzymes?
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bacterial enzymes that can recognize and cut only one particular sequence of nucle
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What are restriction sites?
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are specific sequences of nucleotides that are recognized by restriction enzymes.
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Where do restriction enzymes come from?
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What are DNA ligases?
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Joins DNA fragments
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Why transform a plasmid with your gene of interest into a bacteria?
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It's cheaper. Bacteria multiply quickly.
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What is the restriction-modification system and what is it's purpose?
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used by bacteria, and perhaps other prokaryotic organisms to protect themselves from foreign DNA. This prevents infection by effectively destroying the foreign DNA introduced by an infectious agent (such as a bacteriophage).
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What are the general features of restriction enzymes.
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What are palindromes?
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What type of ends can be produced by restriction enzymes?
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What are restriction fragments?
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Which ends are easier to ligate together?
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What enzymes are needed to cut and join pieces/fragments of DNA?
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What are the general procedures for creating a recombinant DNA?
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How can you clone (insert) a human (eukaryotic) gene (i.e. insulin) into bacteria? Be able to explain this procedure step by step. What special procedure(s) must be done? Why?
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What are exons? What are introns?
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What enzyme cuts out the intronic regions of RNA?
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Be able to explain how to select a clone containing the plasmid with your gene of interest?
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Be able to explain how to select a clone containing the plasmid with your gene of interest in a pool of DNA?
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Explain protoplast fusion.
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Protoplast fusion can be used to manipulate the genes of which group of organisms?
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What is electroporation?
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This technique is used to introduce DNA into which group of organisms?
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How can foreign DNA be introduced into animal cells?
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What are some sources of DNA that can be used for recombinate DNA technology?
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What is PCR? What does it stand for?
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Be able to explain step-by-step the procedure for PCR
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Who created PCR?
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Give 3 examples of human proteins that are made using recombinant DNA
technology. |
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What are some other uses of recombinant DNA technology?
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What was the first human gene therapy?
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What was used as the vector? What were some problems with using this vector in gene therapy?
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