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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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joints of the scapula |
SC, AC, ST |
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ligaments that contribute to the stability of the SC jt |
interclavicular liig ant/post sternoclavicular lig costoclavicular lig |
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ligaments that contribute to the stability of the AC jt |
AC lig coracoclavicular lig |
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mainaction of mms of the pectoral girdle |
stabilize scapula |
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subclavius action |
depresses the clavicle which stabilizes the pectoral girdle |
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pec minro action |
abdcuts scapula, downwardly rotates, assists in forced inhilation |
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serratus anterior action |
abdcuts scap, upward rotation, elevates ribs when scap stablized |
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trapezius actions |
depending on part activated superior: upward rotation of scap middle: adduction of scap Low: depresses scapula when all activated main action is to stabilize scap |
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levator scap actions |
elevation, and downward rotation of scapula |
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rhomboiids actions |
elevation, downward rotation of scapula |
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when mms around scapula are activated what happens |
the scapula is stable and doesnt move |
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all the stabilizin mms of the scapula |
serratus ant rhomboids levator scap trapezius pec minor subclavius |
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Gh joint type |
ball and socket synovial |
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major components of the SH jt |
fobrocartilage, articular synovial capsule, ligament glenoid labrum |
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articular capsule does what |
envleops jt |
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Gh Lig (superor, middle, inferior) main job |
prevent anterior dislocation |
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coracohumeral lig job |
reinforeces superior part of capsule |
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bursae job |
eleviate friction during certain mvmts of SH |
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what is the primary function of the SH |
the posistioning of the hand |
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the vertebrae that the vertebral border of the scapula is located btwn |
T2-7 |
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what is the tilt of the glenoid fossa in relation to the vertebral border and the frontal plane |
5 deg upward rotation relative to vertebral border tilited anterior relatvie to frontal plane |
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what is scaptiion |
a plane of movement in the scapula 30-45 deg on the sagittal |
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is the head of the humerus convcave or convex |
convex |
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what is the direction the head of the humerus is facing |
medially, superiorly, and rotated posteriorly |
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what is the angle of inclination of the humerus |
135 deg (btwn 130 and 150) the humeral head angulation relative to the long axis of the shaft |
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what is the angle of torsion of the humerus (retroversion) |
30 deg humeral head angled posterior relative to the distal condyles |
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why is it important the the humeral head is angles posteriorly |
allows head to be in the scapular plane while the elbow is in neutral allows for greater ROM in abduction and ER before impingement occus |
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what is the movement of the clavicle and the scapula in elevation |
clavicle: distal or lateral clavicle elevates 60 deg and has and anterior- medial tilt scapula: downward rotation |
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what is the movement of the clavicle and scapula during depression |
clavicle: distal or lateral clavicle depresses 5-10 deg from resting and has a lateral tilit scapula: upward rotation |
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during elevation and depression of the sh girlde what is the minor tile and rotation responsible for |
maintaining scapular contact with the thorax |
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what are the movements of the clavicle, scapula and ACjt during protraction |
clavicle: lateral clavicle move anteriorly scapula: moves anteriorly - medial border moves 13-15cm AC: IR |
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what are the movements of the clavicle, scapula and ACjt during retraction |
clavicle: lateral clavicle moves posteriorly scapula: moves posteriorly, medial border moves towards the midline AC: ER |
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what are the AC and SC motions responsible for? |
maintaining scapular contact with the thorax |
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what are the movements of the scapula and the SC and AC jts during upward rotation |
scapula: fossa moves superiorly, inferior angle anteriolaterally AC and SC: elevation |
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what are the movements of the scapula and the SC and AC jts during downward rotation |
scapula: fossa moves inferiorly, inferior angle slides posteriomedially AC and SC: depression |
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what are the 2 types of scapular tilitiing |
1. anterior - posterior 2. medial - lateral |
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what is the axis of the ant-post scapular tilt |
medial - lateral or x-axis |
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what are the movements of the scapula and the SC and AC jts during an anterior tilt |
scapula: superior border tilts forward, inferior angle off thorax AC and SC: anterior rotation |
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what are the movements of the scapula and the SC and AC jts during a posterior tilit |
return to neutral from anterior OR during flexion/abduction AC and SC: posertior rotation |
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what are the movements of the scapula during medial tiliting |
fossa moves anteriorly 1st 1/2 of GH elevation |
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what are the movements of the scapula during lateral tilting |
fossa moves laterally GH elevates posteriorly 90 deg |
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what is the axis of a medial - lateral scapular tilt |
vertical or y-axis |
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what type of joint is the SC jt |
synovial, complex, modified sellar |
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how many derees of freedom does the SC jt have |
3 - elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, rotation |
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function of the disc in the SC jt |
- seperates jt into 2 cavities - serves as a hinge for motion - adds stability (congruency btwn surfaces - reduces medial sliding) reduces jt stress |
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the 3 ligaments of the SC jt |
ant/post sternoclavicular ligs interclavicular ligs costoclavicular ligs |
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what does the costoclavicular ligament restrict |
clavicular elevation and medial/lateral motion |
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what structure provides additional support for the SC jt? |
SCM |
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what does the interclavicular lig prevent |
upward displacement |
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what is the plane annd axis of mvmt in the sc jt during elevation and depression |
frontal plane ant/post axis - z-axis |
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how many degrees of elevation does the SC jt do within the first 90 of SH elevation |
30 - 45 |
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how many degrees of depression does the SC jt do during depression |
5 - 10 |
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what motion is SC protraction and retreaction acompanied by from thhe scapula |
pro and retraction |
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what is the convexity of this jt during protraction and retraction |
concave clavicle moving on the convex sternum |
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what is the plane and axis of mvmt for pro and retraction of the SC jt |
transverse plane y- axis or vertical |
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how many degrees of protraction are there in the SC jt |
15-30 |
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how many degrees of retraction are there from the anterior SC jt |
15-30 |
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what is the axis of mvmt for rotation of the SC jt |
med/lateral or x-axis |
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which way does the SC jt rotate with GH elevation |
posteriorly |
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what does posterior rotation of the SC jt improve |
GH elevation |
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what is the convexity of the SC jt during elevation and depression |
convex clavicle on concave sternum |
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what is the resting position of the SC jt |
arm by side |
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what is the close packed position of the SC jt |
full elevation (abduction) |
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what type of jt is the AC jt |
plane, synovial |
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what type of jt is the AC jt |
plane, synovial |
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what is the primary function of the AC jt |
allow scapula to maintain thoracic contact throughout ROM |
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ligaments of the AC jt |
inferior and superior ligs coracoclavicular ligs - conoid and trapezoid |
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what do the ligaments of the AC jt prevent |
excessive mvmt |
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how many degrees of upwarrd rotation does the AC jt contribute during full arm elevation? |
25 - 30 |
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what are the 4 small but key adjustments done by the AC jt |
- keep the fossa and head aligned during GH elevation - small amountss of tiliting - medial/lateral tilit about a vertical axis - ant/post tilt about a med-lateral axis |
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what is the resting postion of the AC jt |
arm by side |
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what is the closed packed position of the AC jt |
90 abdcution |
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what is the convexity of the ST jt |
scapula is concave and the thorax is convex |
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what role does the ST jt play in the complex SH functions |
- mntn length-tension relationship of rotator cuff/deltoid -- stability - position glenoid to recieve humeral head - absorb shock - premit elevation of body - enhance SH ROM |
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how many degrees of upward rotation does the ST jt contribute during full arm elevation - break it down btwn the SC and AC jt |
60 SC - 30 elevation AC - 30 upward rotation |
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what are the movements of the SC and AC jts to achieve ST protraction and retraction and how many centimeters is it? |
SC: fwd mvmt AC: adjusting to keep scapula on thorax 10-15 cm |
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what are the movements of the SC and AC jts to achieve ST elevation and depression and how many centimeters is it? |
sc: elevation ac: slight downward rotation 10 - 2 cm |
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what type of jt is the GH jt |
ball and socket, synovial |
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how many degrees of freedom does the GH jt have |
3 - flexion/extension, ab/ad, rotation |
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what is the glenoid labrum continuous with? |
the long head tendon of the biceps |
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4 types of capsular reinforcements for the GH jt |
1. superior/middle/inf ligs 2. coracohumeral ligs 3. long head of biceps 4. rotator cuff tendons |
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what does the SGHL limit in adduction and abduction? |
inferior translation in adduction anterior translation and external rotation to 45 deg abduction |
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what does the SGHL and MGHL support? |
the hhanging arm |
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what does the MGHL restrict in abduction? |
ER btwn 45-90 of abdcution |
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what is the foramen of weitbrech? |
area of weakness btwn the SGHL and IGHL |
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what does the IGHL primarily support |
above 90 abduction |
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what tendons does the coracohumeral lig blend with? |
supraspinatus and subscapularis |
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what does the CHL restrict |
posterioinferior shift of the humeral head ER with arm in neutral/extension and ext and adduction |
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does the coracohumeral lig support the hanging arm? |
Yes |
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what does the subscap tendon limit? |
ER and is a passive stabilizer against ant dislocation |
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what do the infra and teres maj limit during the 1st 1/2 of abduction? |
IR |
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what goes through the coracoacromial arch btwn the humeral head and acromion? |
supraspin, LH of biceps, subacromial bursa, superior capsule |
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the 2 most notable bursa in the GH jt |
subacromial subdeltoid |
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what is the plane and axis for GH ab and adduction? |
frontal z-axis, A-p |
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what is the total amount of abduction of the GH jt dependant on? |
rotation |
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what is the plane and axis for flexion and extension of the GH? |
sagittal x-axis, m-l |
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how much movement in flexion and extension is purely from the GH jt |
flexion - 120 extension - 40 - 60 |
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what does maximal elevation require from the GH jt |
rotation, posterior scapular tilt, and upward rotation |
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what is the plane and axis of medial and lateral rotation of the GH jt |
transverse y-axis, vertical |
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what is medial/lateral rotation of the GH caused by? |
pronation/supination of the FA arm elevation |
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at 90 of abdcution how much rotation is available in the GH |
160 |
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at full elevation of the GH how much rotation is available? |
90 |
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what are the arthrokinetmatics of GH during flexion and extension |
flexion: spin and ant slide extension: spin and post slide |
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what is the resting position of the GH jt |
20-30 of horizontal adduction and 55 deg of flexion |
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what is the closed packed position of the GH |
full abdcution and external rotation |
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what is the early phase of abduction called? |
setting phase |
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after 30 of abdcution, what is the ratio of the GH and scapular movement and what are the degrees? |
2:1 120 GH 60 from scap (AC and SC) |
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what are the scapular stabilizing mms? |
serratus ant trapezius rhomoid maj and min pec min levator scap |
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what is the prmary mvmt of the serratus ant |
protraction - arm wont go overhead w/o it |
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when is the trapezius full recruited |
during full abdcution |
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what motions does the pec min add to? |
scauplar depression and downward rotation |
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what mvmts does the levator scap contribute to? |
elevation and downward rotation |
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mms involved in GH stabilization? |
supraspin infraspin teres min subscap biceps/triceps |
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large mm moves of the GH jt |
deltoid latissimus teres major pec major coracobrachialis |
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when does the teres major pull? |
when SH is exended or abducted |
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what are the passive stabilizers of the shoulder |
SC and AC: ligamentous GH and ST: muscular |
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what are the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder |
upper traps rotator cuff biceps deltoid |
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what are the synergitic mm (force couples) of upward scapular rotation? |
upper traps lower traps serratus ant |
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what are the synergistic mms (force couples) of downward scapular rotation |
pec minor lev scap rhomboids |
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between 30 and 60 of abduction, which muscle has greater loeverage than the deltoid? |
supraspinatus |
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what iss a possible nerve pathology limiting the ability of the scap to upwardly rotate? |
long thoracic nerve palsy - serratus ant |
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what is a possible nerve pathology affecting the SH elevation |
spinal accesory nerve palsy - traps |
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define osteokinematics |
concerned with gorss mvmt of the bones at jts |
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define osteokinematics |
concerned with gorss mvmt of the bones at jts |
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define arthrokinematics |
mvmt btwn jt surfaces, small amplitutde roll, spin, glide |
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the definition of a roll |
one bone rolling on another - roll and swing will occur in the same direction |
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definition of a spin |
one point of the articular surface rotates on a single spot |
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definition of slide and glide |
one bone sliding across another |
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define the concave convex rule |
convex is moving in the opposite direction as the bone moving concaved is moving in the same direction as the bone |
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what are the 2 layers in joint ccapsules? |
outer fibrous membrane inner synovial membrane |
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what is the difference btwn tonic and phasic? |
tonic is a mm that is always on and phasic is a mm that comes on and off |
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what is the definition of a synergistic mm group |
muscles working together to complete an action |
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with a ratio of 2:1 what are the movements of the GH and ST during SH abdcution/flexion |
120 GH abduction 60 ST upward rotation |
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what are the movements of the SC and AC during the 60 of ST upward rotation |
30 SC elevation 30 AC upwawrd rotation |
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the vertebrae that the vertebral border of the scapula is located btwn |
T2-7 |
