Lecom - Neuroanatomy 15: Cerebellum

Front 1

A right cerebellar lesion will cause ataxia on which side?

Back 1

right; ipsilateral

Front 2

What is appendicular ataxia?

Back 2

uncoordinated limbs; caused by lateral cerebellar lesions

Front 3

A lesion to the cerebellar vermis will cause ataxia of what structures?

Back 3

medial areas like trunk, eyes, vertigo

Front 4

Largest structure in the posterior fossa

Back 4

cerebellum

Front 5

The primary fissure separates _____ from ______

Back 5

posterior lobe and anterior lobe of cerebellum

Front 6

The ________ is the most inferior portion of the cerebellar vermis

Back 6

nodulus

Front 7

Superior cerebellar peduncle (aka brachium conjunctivum)

Back 7

carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum

Front 8

middle cerebellar peduncle (aka brachium conjunctivum)

Back 8

carries mainly inputs to the cerebellum

Front 9

inferior cerebellar peduncles (aka restiform body)

Back 9

carries mainly inputs to the cerebellum

Front 10

Function: Lateral hemisphere

Back 10

Motor planning for extremities

Front 11

Motor pathways influences: Lateral hemisphere

Back 11

lateral cortico spinal tract

Front 12

Function: Intermediate hemisphere

Back 12

distal limb coordination

Front 13

Motor pathways influenced: Intermediate hemisphere

Back 13

lateral corticospinal tract, rubospinal tract

Front 14

Function: Vermis

Back 14

Proximal limb and trunk coordination

Front 15

Motor pathways influenced: Vermis

Back 15

anterior corticospinal tract, reticulospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, tectospinal tract

Front 16

Function: flocculonodular lobe

Back 16

balance and vestibulo-ocular reflex

Front 17

Motor pathways: flocculonodular lobe

Back 17

medial longitudinal fasiculus

Front 18

Cerebellar tonsilar herniation causes almost immediate death due to compression of what structure?

Back 18

respiratory centers of the medulla

Front 19

A patient with vertigo most likely has a problem with which part of the cerebellum?

Back 19

vermis or flocculonodular lobes

Front 20

All outputs from the cerebellum relay through which 4 nuclei?

Back 20

Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial)

Front 21

List the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei form lateral to medial

Back 21

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial

Front 22

Dentate nuclei

Back 22

Most lateral of the deep nuclei; largest of the deep nuclei; receive projections from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres

Front 23

The emboliform and globose nuclei are together called ________

Back 23

interposed nuclei

Front 24

Interposed nuclei

Back 24

receive input from the intermediate part of the cerebellar hemispheres

Front 25

Fastigial nuclei

Back 25

receive input from the veris and a small input from the flocculonodular lobe

Front 26

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex (superficial to deep)

Back 26

Molecular, Purkinje, Granular

Front 27

What is found within the molecular cell layer of the cerebellum?

Back 27

unmyelinated granule cell axons, Purkinje cell dendrites, and several types of interneurons

Front 28

2 Cerebellar input tracts

Back 28

Mossy fibers and Climbing fibers

Front 29

Mossy fibers

Back 29

Ascend through the cerebellar white matter to form excitatory synapses onto dendrites of the granule cells --> form parallel fibers that run parallel to the folia --> excite purkinje cells

Front 30

Output from the cerebellar cortex is brought to the deep cerebellar nuclei via what fibers?

Back 30

Purkinje

Front 31

Function: Purkinje Cells

Back 31

Form inhibitory synapses onto the deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei, which then convey outputs from the cerebellm to other regions through excitatory synapses

Front 32

Golgi cells are found in which cell layer of the cerebellum?

Back 32

granular

Front 33

What are cerebellar parallel fibers?

Back 33

found in the molecular layer; from the granule cells of the input fibers (Mossy and Climbing)

Front 34

Mossy fibers activate which cell layer of the cerebellum?

Back 34

granular cells which activate inhibitory Purkinje cells

Front 35

Climbing fibers activate which cell layer of the cerebellum?

Back 35

inhibitory Purkinje fibers

Front 36

4 inhibitory descending axons from the cerebellar cortex

Back 36

Purkinje, stellate, basket and Golgi cells

Front 37

Why do cerebellar lesions result in ipsilateral deficits?

Back 37

the motor systems from cerebellum are double crossed

Front 38

From where to climbing fibers arise?

Back 38

the contralateral inferior olivatory nulcues

Front 39

Golgi Cells

Back 39

Provide feedback inhibition onto the granule cells; this inhibitory feedback tends to shorten the duration of excitatory inputs to the granule cells (enhanced signal resolution in the time domain)

Front 40

Stellate and basket cells

Back 40

narrow the spatial extent of excitatory inputs to Purkinje cells (enhanced signal resolution in the spatial domain)

Front 41

Cerebellar Glomerulus

Back 41

contain axons and dendrites encapsulated in a glial sheath; contain two types of inputs (large mossy fiber axon terminals and Golgi cell axon terminals), which form synapses onto one type of postsynaptic cell (granule cell dendrites)

Front 42

Are the deep cerebellar nuclei excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 42

excitatory

Front 43

Lateral cerebellar lesions

Back 43

affect mainly distal limb coordination

Front 44

Medial cerebellar lesions

Back 44

affect mainly trunk control, posture, balance, and gait

Front 45

2 places where cerebellar motor tracts cross

Back 45

superior cerebellar peduncle decussation+ pyramidal decussation or ventral tegmental descussion; DOUBLE CROSSED - deficits in coordination occur ipsilateral to the lesion

Front 46

Lesions in the cerebellar vermis

Back 46

Do not typically cause unilateral deficits because the medial motor systems influence proximal trunk mucles bilaterally

Front 47

Deep nuclei of the lateral hemisphere

Back 47

Dentate nucleus

Front 48

Cerebellar peduncle of the lateral hemisphere

Back 48

superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 49

Output Targets of lateral hemispheres

Back 49

Ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus (VL), parvocellular red nucleus

Front 50

Deep nuclei of intermediate hemipshere

Back 50

interposed nuclei (emboliform + globose)

Front 51

Cerebellar peduncle of intermediate hemisphere

Back 51

superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 52

Output target of intermediate hemisphere

Back 52

VL, magnocellular red nucleus

Front 53

Deep nuclei of vermis

Back 53

Fastigial nucleus

Front 54

Cerebellar peduncle of Vermis

Back 54

superior cerebellar peduncle, uncinate fasiculus, juxtarestiform body

Front 55

Output targets of vermis

Back 55

reticular formation, vestibular nuclei

Front 56

Deep nuclei of inferior vermis and flocculonodular lobe

Back 56

vestibular nuclei

Front 57

Cerebellar peduncle of inferior vermis and flocculonodular lobe

Back 57

juxtarestiform body

Front 58

Output targets of inferior vermis and flocculonodular lobe

Back 58

medial longitudinal fasiculus (eye movement pathways)

Front 59

Output signals come from the motor cortex, to the cerebellar deep nuclei to what structure next?

Back 59

thalamus (VL), red nucleus or MLF

Front 60

From the dentate nucleus, where does the output signal go next?

Back 60

thalamus (VL)

Front 61

From the vestibular nucleus in the cerebellum, where does the output signal go next?

Back 61

MLF

Front 62

Uncinate fasiculus

Back 62

loops over the superior cerebellar peduncle and then sends fibers to continu caudally via the contralateral juxtarestiform body to reach the contralateral vestibular nulclei

Front 63

Reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei are important for what?

Back 63

equilibrium and balance

Front 64

Inputs of the cerebellum

Back 64

(1) virtually all areas of the cerebral cortex (2) multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems (3) brainstem nuclei (4) spinal cord

Front 65

The cerebellum receives input from the cortex via which fibers?

Back 65

corticopontine (from the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes that travel in the internal capsule and cerebral peduncles)

Front 66

Pontine nuclei

Back 66

scattered areas of gray matter in the ventral pons interspersed among the descending corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

Front 67

The pontocerebellar fibers reach the cerebellum via _______ through the _______ cerebellar peduncle

Back 67

pontine nuclei; middle

Front 68

4 spinocerebellar tracts

Back 68

Dorsal, ventral, rostral and cuneocerebellar tracts

Front 69

A patient with damage to the cuneocerebellar tract will have decreased coordination in which part of the body?

Back 69

upper extremity

Front 70

A patient with damage to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract will have decreased coordination in which part of the body?

Back 70

lower extremity

Front 71

Afferent information about limb movements is conveyed to the cerebellum by the ________ tract for the lower extremity and by the ______ tract for the upper extremity and neck

Back 71

dorsal spinocerebellar; cuneocerebellar cerebellar

Front 72

Information about activity f spinal cord interneurons, thought to reflect the amount of activity in descending pathways, is carried by the _______ tract for lower extremitites and _______ tract for lower extremities

Back 72

ventral spinocerebellar; rostral spinocerebellar

Front 73

Main Origins of Input: Doral Spinocerebellar Tract

Back 73

leg proprioceptors

Front 74

Main Origin of Input: Cuneocerebellar Tract

Back 74

Arm proptioceptors

Front 75

Main Origin of Input: Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract

Back 75

Leg interneurons

Front 76

Main Origin of Input: Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract

Back 76

Arm interneurons

Front 77

Nucleus dorsalis of Clark

Back 77

long column of cells that run in the dorsomedial spinal cord gray matter intermediate zone, from C8 to L2 or L3; Fibers ascending from here ascend ipsilaterally in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract; these fibers give rise to mossy fibers that travel to the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex via inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 78

Cerebellar penduncle: Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Back 78

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 79

External cuneate nucleus

Back 79

located in the medulla, just lateral to the cuneate nucleus; site of cells for cuneocerebellar fibers

Front 80

Cerebellar peduncle: Cuneocerebellar tract

Back 80

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 81

The ventral spinocerebellar tract arises from ______

Back 81

spinal border cells

Front 82

Cerebellar peduncle: Ventral spinocerebellar tract

Back 82

superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 83

Cerebellar peduncle: Rostral spinocerebellar tract

Back 83

superior and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 84

Corticopontine fibers travel to (ipsilateral or contralateral) pons?

Back 84

ipsilateral

Front 85

Pontocerebellar fibers travel from the pons to the (ipsilateral or contralateral) cerebellum?

Back 85

contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle

Front 86

The nucleus Dorsalis of Clark sends sensory innervation to the cerebellum (inferior peduncle) via which tract?

Back 86

dorsal spinocerebellar, then become Mossy fibers

Front 87

3 major arteries to the cerbellum

Back 87

PICA, SCA, AICA

Front 88

The PICA usually arises from _______

Back 88

the vertebral artery

Front 89

The AICA usually arises from _______

Back 89

the lower basilar artery

Front 90

The SCA usually arises from _____

Back 90

the top of the basilar artery, just below the posterior cerebral artery

Front 91

The PICA supplies

Back 91

the lateral medulla, most of the inferior half of the cerebellum, and the inferior vermis

Front 92

The AICA supplies

Back 92

the inferior lateral pons, the middle cerebellar peduncle, and a strip of ventral (anterior) cerebellum between the territories of the PICA and SCA, including the flocculus

Front 93

The SCA supplies

Back 93

the upper lateral pons, the superior cerebellar peduncle, most of the superior half of the cerebellar hemisphere, including the deep cerebellar nuclei, and the superior vermis

Front 94

An infarct that involves just the cerebellum itself is most like in which cerebellar artery?

Back 94

SCA

Front 95

Infarcts of the lateral pons or medulla that spare the cerebellum most often occur in which arteries?

Back 95

PICA and AICA

Front 96

Large cerebellar infarcts in the PICA or SCA

Back 96

can cause swelling of the cerebellum --> hydrocephalus due to compression of 4th ventricle

Front 97

Presentation of cerebellar hemorrhage

Back 97

headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, possible hydrocephalus + 6th nerve palsies and impaired consciousness

Front 98

Fatal gastroenteritis

Back 98

cerebellar hemorrhage that initially presents with only GI symptoms of nausea and vomiting

Front 99

Tx hydrocephalus due to hemorrage

Back 99

ventriculostomy; this carries risk of upward transtentorial herniation as the posterior fossa hemorrhage and edema expand

Front 100

Ataxia

Back 100

disordered contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles and the lack of normal coordination between movements at different joints, seen in patients with cerebellum dysfunction

Front 101

dysrhythmia

Back 101

ataxic movments with abnormal times

Front 102

dysmetria

Back 102

abnormal projections through space (over or undershooting)

Front 103

Lesions confined to the ________ affect primarily the medial motor systems

Back 103

cerebellar vermis

Front 104

Gait associated to vermis lesions

Back 104

wide-based, unsteady, "drunk-like"; Truncal ataxia

Front 105

Ataxia associated with intermediate and lateral portions of cerebellum

Back 105

appendicular ataxia

Front 106

Ataxia associated with unilateral lesion in the lateral portion of the cerebellum

Back 106

No appreciable deficit

Front 107

Lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres cause (ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral) symptoms in the extremities

Back 107

ipsilateral

Front 108

Lesions of the cerebellar peduncles cause (ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral) deficits

Back 108

ipsilateral

Front 109

Cerebellar lesions affected the medial motor system cause (ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral)

Back 109

bilateral (truncal ataxia)

Front 110

What is ataxia-hemiparesis?

Back 110

ataxia along with motor loss; internal capsule lesions affect corticospinal tract and corticopontine fibers both; often caused by lacunar infarcts

Front 111

In ataxia hemiparesis, the ataxia is usually (contralateral, ipsilateral) to the lesion and the hemiparesis is usually (contralateral, ipsilateral) to the lesion

Back 111

contralateral, contralateral

Front 112

Causes of ataxia-hemiparesis

Back 112

lesions in the corona radiata, internal capsule, or pons that both involve corticospinal and corticopontine fibers (however, it can also be seen in thr frontal lobes, parietal lobes, or sensorimotor cortex, or in midbrain lesions that involve fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncles or red nucleus)

Front 113

Sensory Ataxia

Back 113

occurs when the posterior-column-medial lemniscal pathways is disrupted, resulting in loss of joint position sense

Front 114

Sensory Ataxia is made worse by

Back 114

closing the eyes

Front 115

Cause of Sensory Ataxia

Back 115

lesions of peripheral nerves or posterior column

Front 116

Is sensory ataxia ipsilateral or contralateral to the lesion?

Back 116

ipsilateral if due to lesion in peripheral nerves/posterior column, but can be contralateral if lesion is found in thalamus, thalamic radiations, or somatosensory cortex

Front 117

Symptoms of Cerebellar Disorders

Back 117

nausea, vomiting, vertigo, slurred speech, unsteadiness, or uncoordinated limb movements; headache may occur in the occipital, frontal, or upper cervical area; hydrocephalus and head tilt

Front 118

The finger-to-nose test

Back 118

the patient touches their nose and then the examiner's finger alternately; tests for ataxia

Front 119

Heel-shin test

Back 119

The patient rubs one heel up and down the length of the opposite shin in as straight of a line as possible; variations include tapping the heel repeatedly ont he same spot

Front 120

Tests for dysrhythmia

Back 120

Rapid tapping of fingers together, of the and on the thigh or of foot on the floor

Front 121

Dysdiadochokinesia

Back 121

abnormalities of rapid alternating movements, such as alternately tapping one hand with the palm and dorsum of the other hand

Front 122

Testing for overshoot

Back 122

have the pt raise both arms suddenly from their lap or lower them suddently to the level of the examiners hand

Front 123

Postural tremor

Back 123

occurs when the limg muscles are activated to hold a particular position

Front 124

Tandem gait

Back 124

the heel touches the toe with each each, forcing the patient to assume a narrow stance (tests truncal ataxia)

Front 125

The Romberg test checks for (truncal or appendicular ataxia)?

Back 125

truncal

Front 126

titubation

Back 126

tremor or the trunk or head associated with midline lesions

Front 127

Nysagmus

Back 127

when the patient looks toward a target in their periphery, slow phases occur toward the primary position and fast phases occur back toward the target; unlike the nystagmus in peripheral vertigo, the nysagmus in cerebellar lesions may change directions, depending on the direction of gaze; vertical nysagmus may be present in cerebellar disorders

Front 128

Scanning or Explosive Speech

Back 128

Ataxic quality of speech with irregular fluctuations in rate and volume; associated with cerebellar disorders

Front 129

A patient has inability to touch their finger to their nose. This is (truncal or appendicular ataxia)?

Back 129

appendicular ataxia

Front 130

Most common causes of acute ataxia in adults

Back 130

toxin ingestion and ischemic or hemmoragic stroke

Front 131

Common causes of chronic ataxia in adults

Back 131

cerebrovascular disease, brain metastases, chronic toxin exposure (medications, alcohol), MS, degenerative disorders of the cerebellum

Front 132

Acute Ataxia in children

Back 132

accidental drug ingestion, varicella-associated cerebellitis, migraine

Front 133

Chronic ataxia in children

Back 133

cerebellar astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia-tenagiectasia

Front 134

Hereditary Ataxia Syndromes

Back 134

sponocerebellar ataxia (SCA); gene defects encoding polyglutamine trinucleitide repeats

Front 135

eye movement abnormaliities localize to ___ (2) of cerebellum

Back 135

vermis

flocculonodular lobe

Front 136

2 lobes of cerebellum

they are separated by ___

Back 136

anterior

posterior

primary fissure

Front 137

___ fissure is visible only on ventral surface of cerebellum

Back 137

posterolateral

Front 138

posterolateral fissure separates ___ from ___

Back 138

flocculonodular lobes

posterior lobe

Front 139

flocculus is medial/lateral to nodulus

the 2 are connected via ___

Back 139

lateral

pedicles

Front 140

tonsillar herniation is bad because of ___

Back 140

compression of medulla, compromising respiratory centers

Front 141

superior cerebellar peduncle decussates at level of ___

it primarily carries ___

it is aka ___

Back 141

inferior colliculi

cerebellar outputs

brachium conjunctivum

Front 142

middle cerebellar peduncle primarily carries ___

it is aka ___

Back 142

cerebellar inputs

brachium pontis

Front 143

inferior cerebellar peduncle primarily carries ___

it is aka ___

Back 143

cerebellar inputs

restiform body

Front 144

intermediate hemispheres do ___

Back 144

appendicular coordination

Front 145

vermis/flocculonodular lobes do ___ (2)

Back 145

axial coordination

vestibulo-ocular coordination

Front 146

deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial

___ are largest

Back 146

dentate

emboliform

globose

fastigial

dentate

Front 147

___ comprise the interposed nuclei

Back 147

emboliform

globose

Front 148

___ is active before voluntary movements

___ is active during voluntary movements

Back 148

dentate

interposed

Front 149

dentate nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 149

lateral cerebellar hemispheres

Front 150

interposed nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 150

intermediate cerebellar hemispheres

Front 151

fastigial nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 151

vermis

flocculonodular lobe

Front 152

cerebellar cortex has ___ layers

Back 152

3

Front 153

3 layers of cerebellar cortex from deep to superficial

Back 153

granule cell layer

purkinje cell layer

molecular layer

Front 154

molecular layer contains ___ (3)

Back 154

granule cell axons

purkinje cell dendrites

interneurons

Front 155

2 kinds of cerebellar input fiber types

Back 155

mossy fibers

climbing fibers

Front 156

mossy fibers synapse on ___s

Back 156

granule cells

Front 157

granule cell axons give off ___s in the molecular layer

Back 157

parallel fibers

Front 158

parallel fibers run in plane of ___ and perpendicular to ___, with which they synapse

Back 158

surface of folium

dendrites of purkinje cells

Front 159

synapses from parallel fibers to purkinje cells are excitatory/inhibitory

Back 159

excitatory

Front 160

purkinje cells synapse on ___s

Back 160

deep nuclei

Front 161

synapses from purkinje cells on deep nuclei are excitatory/inhibitory

Back 161

inhibitory

Front 162

climbing fibers start in ___

Back 162

contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

Front 163

climbing fibers grow along axon of ___

Back 163

purkinje cell

Front 164

climbing fibers synapse on approximately ___ purkinje cells

Back 164

10

Front 165

synapse from climbing fiber on purkinje cell is excitatory/inhibitory

Back 165

excitatory

Front 166

each purkinje cells receives synapses from ___ climbing fibers

Back 166

1

Front 167

3 kinds of cerebellar interneurons

Back 167

stellate

Golgi

basket

Front 168

stellate cells are located in ___ layer

Golgi cells are located in ___ layer

basket cells are located in ___ layer

Back 168

molecular

granule cell

molecular

Front 169

basket fibers have dendrites oriented ___ly

their axons terminate on ___

this does ___

Back 169

perpendicular to parallel fibers of molecular layer

purkinje cells

lateral inhibition of purkinje cells

Front 170

golgi cells receive inputs from ___

their axons terminate on ___

this does ___

Back 170

parallel fibers of molecular layer

granule cells

feedback inhibition on granule cells

Front 171

cerebellar glomeruli are located in ___ layer

Back 171

granule cell

Front 172

cerebellar glomeruli have ___ (2) as inputs and ___ as terminus

Back 172

mossy fiber

golgi cell axon

granule cell dendrite

Front 173

on microscopy, cerebellar glomeruli look like ___s

Back 173

clearings among granule cells

Front 174

lesions of ___ cerebellum cause ipsilateral deficit because of ___

Back 174

lateral and intermediate

both input and output pathways involve double decussation

Front 175

all cerebellar output pathways project to ___ (2)

Back 175

cortex

medulla

Front 176

cerebellar outputs project to cortex through ___

Back 176

contralateral VL pars caudalis of thalamus

Front 177

VL projects to ___ (5) cortices

Back 177

motor

premotor

SMA

parietal lobe

PFC

Front 178

lateral and intermediate cerebellar output projects to medulla through ___

Back 178

contralateral red nucleus

Front 179

lateral cerebellar outputs all project through ___

Back 179

dentate nucleus

Front 180

lateral cerebellar outputs project from dentate nucleus to medulla through ___

Back 180

parvocellular red nucleus

Front 181

parvocellular red nucleus is the ___ part

Back 181

rostral

Front 182

intermediate cerebellar outputs all project through ___

Back 182

interposed nuclei

Front 183

intermediate cerebellar outputs project to medulla through ___

Back 183

magnocellular red nucleus

Front 184

magnocellular red nucleus gives rise to ___

Back 184

rubrospinal tract

Front 185

parvocellular red nucleus projects to ___ in medulla via ___

Back 185

inferior olivary nucleus

central tegmental tract

Front 186

first neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects to ___

Back 186

lateral cerebellum

dentate nucleus

Front 187

2nd neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects vis ___ to ___

Back 187

dentate nucleus

superior cerebellar peduncle

contralateral parvocellular red nucleus

Front 188

3rd neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects via ___ to ___

Back 188

parvocellular red nucleus

central tegmental tract

inferior olivary nucleus

Front 189

4th neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects via ___ to ___

Back 189

inferior olivary nucleus

inferior cerebellar peduncle (climbing fibers)

contralateral lateral cerebellum

Front 190

triangle of Guillain-Mollaret is aka ___

Back 190

myoclonic triangle

Front 191

lesion of triangle of Guillain-Mollaret can cause ___ which presents with ___

Back 191

hypertrophic olivary degeneration

palatal myoclonus

Front 192

T/F: projections from lateral and intermediate cerebellum go to distinct parts of VL

Back 192

TRUE

Front 193

2 kinds of medial cerebellar outputs

Back 193

superior vermis

inferior vermis + flocculonodular lobe

Front 194

cerebellar outputs from superior vermis all project through ___

Back 194

fastigial nuclei

Front 195

cerebellar outputs from superior vermis project to ipsilateral medulla via ___ and contralateral medulla via ___

Back 195

juxtarestiform body

uncinate fasciculus

Front 196

superior vermis projects to ___ in ipsilateral medulla

Back 196

vestibular nuclei

reticular formation

Front 197

superior vermis projects to ___ in contralateral medulla

Back 197

vestibular nuclei

Front 198

juxtarestiform body is visible at ___

Back 198

lateral wall of 4th ventricle

Front 199

inferior cerebellum and flocculonodular lobe all project via ___ to ___

Back 199

juxtarestiform body

ipsilateral vestibular nuclei

Front 200

T/F: no cerebellar outputs project to lower motor neurons

Back 200

false: some fastigial projection to upper C cord

Front 201

all cerebellar inputs except those from ___ are via ___

Back 201

inferior olivary nuclei

mossy fibers

Front 202

cerebellar inputs from inferior olivary nucleus are carried via ___

Back 202

climibing fibers

Front 203

cortical inputs to cerebellum project first to ___

Back 203

ipsilateral pontine nuclei

Front 204

pontine nuclei project to contralateral cerebellum via ___

Back 204

middle cerebellar peduncle

Front 205

spinal inputs to cerebellum travel via ___

Back 205

spinocerebellar tracts

Front 206

4 spinocerebellar tracts

Back 206

dorsal SCT

cuneocerebellar tract

ventral SCT

rostral SCT

Front 207

dorsal SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 207

leg proprioceptors

Front 208

ventral SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 208

leg interneurons

Front 209

rostral SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 209

arm interneurons

Front 210

cuneocerebellar tract carries inputs from ___

Back 210

arm proprioceptors

Front 211

soma of 1st neuron in dorsal SCT is in ___

it projects to ___ (2)

Back 211

leg DRG proprioceptor

fasciculus gracilis

nucleus dorsalis of clark

Front 212

nucleus dorsalis of clark is located at ___ (on axial slice)

its rostro-caudal extent is from ___ to ___

Back 212

antero-medial aspect of posterior grey horn

C8

L2 or L3

Front 213

soma of 2nd neuron in dorsal SCT is in ___

it projects via ___ to ___

Back 213

nucleus dorsalis of clark

inferior cerebellar peduncle

ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 214

in spinal cord, dorsal SCT runs in the ___

Back 214

dorsolateral funiculus

Front 215

soma of 1st neuron in cuneocerebellar tract is in ___

it projects via ___ to ___

Back 215

arm DRG proprioceptor

fasciculus cuneatus

external nucleus cuneatus

Front 216

soma of 2nd neuron in cuneocerebellar tract is in ___

it projects via ___ to ___

Back 216

external nucleus cuneatus

inferior cerebellar peduncle

ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 217

soma of 1st neuron in ventral SCT tract is in ___ (2)

it projects via ___ to ___

Back 217

spinal border cells

intermediate zone

superior cerebellar peduncle

ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 218

spinal border cells are located in ___

Back 218

outer edge of central grey

Front 219

ventral SCT decussates at ___

Back 219

AWC and after entering cerebellum via superior peduncle

Front 220

anterior aspect of cerebellum is primarily perfused by ___

Back 220

AICA

Front 221

posterior cerebellum is primarily perfused by ___

Back 221

SCA and PICA

Front 222

cerebellar infarcts occur primarily in ___ (2) territories

Back 222

SCA

PICA

Front 223

cerebellar infarcts sparing the brainstem are primarily in ___ territory

Back 223

SCA

Front 224

5 extra-cerebellar lesions which cause ataxia (or similar symptoms)

Back 224

pons

PFC

lacunar ataxia hemiparesis

dorsal column (sensory ataxia)

other SC