Lecom - Epithelium

Front 1

Hematoxyline is an (acidic/basic) dye.

Back 1

basic

Front 2

What kind of charge do basic dyes have on the colored part of the molecule?

Back 2

positive

Front 3

Basic dyes bind to
_____ groups of nucleic acids
_____ groups of glycosaminoglycans
_____ groups of proteins

Back 3

phosphate
sulfate
carboxyl

Front 4

Eosin is an (acidic/basic) dye.

Back 4

acidic

Front 5

Acidic dyes bind to _____ groups in tissue

Back 5

cationic

Front 6

Cells with lots of membranous organelles or intermediate fillaments stain heavily with (hematoylin/eosin).

Back 6

eosin

Front 7

Collagen stains (eosinophilic/basophilic) in H&E

Back 7

eosinophilic

Front 8

Unfolded chromosomes known as(eu/hetero-chromatin) will stain how with H&E?

Is a cell with this type of chromatin active or inactive?

what type of neural cell will stain this way? Neuroglia? Neurons?

Back 8

they do not pick up stain well (Negative)

active

neurons

Front 9

Clumped chromosomes known as (eu/hetero-chromatin) will satin how with H&E

Back 9

basophilic

Front 10

Fibroblasts of tendons are called ______

Back 10

tendinocytes

Front 11

Are tendinocytes relatively active or quiescent?

So how will their nuclei stain in H&E?

Why?

Back 11

quiescent

basophilic

contain heterochromatin (clumped) b/c they are inactive

Front 12

A cell making lots of protein will generally stain how in H&E? Why?

Back 12

Basophilic, ribosomes of rough ER

Front 13

A cell with lots of mitochondria and other membrane bound organelles wil stain how in H&E?

Back 13

eosinophilic

Front 14

Why is collagen eosinophilic?

Back 14

Presence of charged amino groups

Front 15

The matrix of hyaline cartilage contains sulfated proteoglycans. Therefore it will stain _________ in H&E?

Back 15

basophilic

Front 16

Protective epithelia will be (simple/stratified? Absorptive epithelia?

Back 16

protective - stratified
absorptive - simple

Front 17

All glands in the body are formed by _______ cells

Back 17

epithelial

Front 18

What kind of epithelial cells are found tin the acini of glands helping them squeeze secretory product from gland?

Back 18

myoepithelial

Front 19

From where do epithelial cells get nutrients?

Back 19

Underlying connective tissue

Front 20

What structure separates basal epithelial cells from adjacent connective tissue?

Back 20

Basal lamina

Front 21

What are the main components of basal lamina?

Back 21

Collagen type 4
laminin
fibronectin

Front 22

Which types of cells contain a basal lamina?

Back 22

epithelial
muscle
fat
Schwann

Front 23

What gives an epithelial cell its polarity?

Back 23

Its contact with basal lamina

Front 24

Describe the basement membrane in the renal glomerulus.

Back 24

Two adjacent basal lamina

Front 25

Describe the typical basement membrane.

Back 25

Basal lamina attached to underlying reticular lamina.

Front 26

What anchors:
basal lamina to reticular lamina?
basal cell to basal lamina?

Back 26

anchoring fibrils

hemidesmosomes

Front 27

What collagen type makes up:
basal lamina?
anchoring fibrils?
reticular fibers?

Back 27

type 4
type 7
type 3

Front 28

What specializations can be found on the apical side of epithelia?

Back 28

microvilli, cilia, stereocilia

Front 29

These intercellular connections are characterized as patch-like "spot-welds" that hold cells tightly together.

Back 29

desmosomes

Front 30

What type of intercellular connections would you find in epithelia exposed to high amounts of physical stress (ie epidemris)?

Back 30

desmosomes

Front 31

Desmosomes have these types of fibers associated with them.

Back 31

intermediate filaments

Front 32

What attaches epthelial cell to basal lamina?

Back 32

hemdesmosomes

Front 33

This disease in which antibodies attach to certain proteins associated with hemidesmosomes causing them to detach from the underlying basement membrane is called_____.

What happens to a patient who has this afliction?

Back 33

Bollous pemphigoid

Causes them to blister

Front 34

Channels in gap junctions are made up of proteins called.

Gab junctions are also known as____

Back 34

Connexons

Nexus junctions

Front 35

Where could you find gap junctions?

How small does an object need to be to pass thru?

Back 35

Cardiac cells, plasma membrane projections of osteocytes in canaliculi, some nerve cells

<1500 daltons

Front 36

This is a junctional complex that connects adjacent epithelial cells that can easily be viewed in a light microscope.

It is made up of three layers
1.
2.
3.

Back 36

Terminal bar

1. Zonula occludens
2. Zonula adherens
3. Macula adherens

Front 37

This zone of the terminal bar completely surrounds the cell and is a tight fusion of adjacent cell membranes

Back 37

zonula occludens

Front 38

This zone of the terminal bar is morphologically similar to desmosomes

Back 38

zonula adherens

Front 39

This zone of the terminal bar is Calcium dependent.

Back 39

Zonula adherens

Front 40

What type of filaments are associated with the zonula adherens?

Back 40

actin microfilaments

Front 41

What comprises the core of microvilli?

Back 41

Actin microfilaments

Front 42

This is a network of microfilaments and intermediate filaments that anchor the actin filaments of microvilli.

This network is tied into a zone of the terminal bar known as:

Back 42

terminal web


zonula adherens

Front 43

Cilia are made up of a 9+2 arrangement of ________.

Back 43

Microtubules

Front 44

Microtubules of cilia are anchored to _______ in the apical cytoplasm.

Back 44

Basal bodies

Front 45

in a cross section of cilia, Pairs of microtubules run in a clockwise direction and are connected to each other by______ and to the central pair by_____

Back 45

dynin arms

radial spoke+ inner sheath

Front 46

Kartenger's syndrome results from the absence of _____ in cilia, making them immotile

Back 46

dynin

Front 47

Stereocilia are similar in structure to ______ with an inner core of ______ microfilaments.

They can be found in

Back 47

microvilli
actin

epididymis, hair cells of ear

Front 48

The uppermost cells of keratinized stratified squamous lack ______ and are filled with ______.

Back 48

nucleus
cytokeratin

Front 49

Which cells give rise to all other cells in pseudostratified ciliated epithelia?

Back 49

basal cells

Front 50

Which type of epithelial cell is characteristic of epididymis in the male reproductive track

Back 50

stereociliated pseudostraitfied

Front 51

Transitional epithelium is characterized by _________

Back 51

Dome shaped cells

Front 52

Transitional epithelium can be found in:

Back 52

Renal calyces
renal pelvis
ureters
bladder

Front 53

All glands develop how?

Back 53

As ingrowths of epithelial cells into the underlying connective tissue

Front 54

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Back 54

exocrine - secrete substance onto an epithelial surface via ducts

endocrine - secrete products into the bloodsream

Front 55

Describe a holocrine gland. Give examples.

Back 55

entire cell fills with secretory product and then lyses

sebaceous glands, tarsal glands

Front 56

Describe an apocrine gland. Give examples.

Back 56

Apical end of cell is filled w/ secretory product and product pinches of in sections of plasma membrane

mammary glands

Front 57

Describe a merocrine gland. Give examples.

Back 57

secretory vessicles are formed, accumulate near the apical end of the cell and are exocytosed

pancreatic acinar cells

Front 58

over age 40 what percentage of tumors are epithelial in origin?

Back 58

90%

Front 59

This is a change in size, shape, or organization of cells can be a pre-cancerous condition.

Back 59

Dysplasia

Front 60

This is an increase in number of cells

Back 60

hyperplasia

Front 61

This is the enlarging of cells

Back 61

hypertrophy

Front 62

hormonal hypertrophy occurs normally during ______ or with use of

Back 62

puberty
anabolic steroids

Front 63

hypertrophy can also occur due to _________. For example exercise increasing muscle fiber or hypertension increasing left ventricular myocardial fiber size

Back 63

increased functional demand

Front 64

This is a decrease in the number of cells.

Back 64

hypoplasia

Front 65

This is a decrease in cell size

Back 65

hypotrophy (atrophy)

Front 66

This is having many different sizes and shapes of cells

Back 66

pleomorphy

Front 67

This is the de-differentiation of a cell type. Existing cells don't de-differentiate, but rather new neoplasms are less differentiated then normal cells

Back 67

anaplasia

Front 68

In the case of malignant neoplasms, the degree of ______ can determine the degree of malignancy

Back 68

anaplasia

Front 69

This is a change of cell or tissue type to another as a result of physical or chemical stress.

ex. Chronic gastric reflux into lower esophagus causes the stratified squamous epithelium to become a gastric-like epithelium that secretes mucus (Barrett's epithelium). The mucus protects against acid and pepsin.

Back 69

metaplasia

Front 70

this is a benign tumor arising from a surface epithelium

Back 70

papilloma

Front 71

this is a benign tumor arising from a glandular epithelium

Back 71

adenoma

Front 72

What factors can determine the degree of malignancy?

Back 72

-anaplasia
-mitotic activity: more active greater malignancy
-invasion: ability to breach basal lamina
-metastases: spread to distant sites

Front 73

Epithelial cancers are called

Back 73

carcinomas

Front 74

this is a carcinoma arising from glandular tissue

Back 74

adenocarcinoma

Front 75

Give the typical location and features of:
simple tubular glands

Back 75

large intestine: intestinal glands of colon

strait tube formed by goblet cells

Front 76

Give the typical location and features of:
simple coiled tubular glands

Back 76

skin: eccrine sweat gland

composed of secretory portion located deep in dermis

Front 77

Give the typical location and features of:
simple branched tubular glands

Back 77

stomach: mucus-secreting glands of the pylorus

wide secretory portions that are formed by secretory cells and produces a viscous mucus secretion

Front 78

Give the typical location and features of:
simple acinar glands

Back 78

urethra: paraurethral and periurethral glands

develop as outpouching of the transitional epithelium and are formed by a single layer of secretory cells

Front 79

Give the typical location and features of:
branched aciniar glands

Back 79

stomach: mucus-secreting glands of cardia

formed by mucus-secreting cells

Front 80

Give the typical location and features of:
compund tubular glands

Back 80

duodenum: submucosal glands of Brunner

Front 81

Give the typical location and features of:
compound acinar glands

Back 81

Pancreas: excretory portion

alveolar-shaped secretory units; formed by pyramid-shaped serous-secreting cells

Front 82

Give the typical location and features of:
compound tubuloacinar glands

Back 82

Submandibular salivary gland

have both mucus branched tubular and serous branched acinar secretory units; have serous end-caps (demilunes)