Lecom - Drugs Used In Hypertension

Front 1

When this type of diuretic is given, the max anti-HTN effect is reached with doses below those required for the max diuretic effect

Back 1

thiazide diuretics

Front 2

What are some of the adverse effects of HCTZ

Back 2

Hypokalemia
slight hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
lassitude, weakness, impotence

Front 3

Clonidine and methyldopa are what type of drug

Back 3

alpha 2 selective agonists

Front 4

Methyldopa is a prodrug in that it is converted to the active form _______ in the brain

Back 4

methylnorepinepherine

Front 5

Clonidine and methyldopa reduce BP by

Back 5

reducing cardiac output, vascular resistance or both

Front 6

What is the major compensatory response to clonidine and methyldopa

Back 6

salt and water retention

Front 7

This drug must not be discontiued abruptly for danger of rebound HTN

Back 7

clonidine

Front 8

Methyldopa sideffects

Back 8

sedation, positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia

Front 9

Thise drugs block nicotinic receptors but because of their adverse effects they are considered obsolete.

Back 9

ganglion blockers

Front 10

Hexamethonium and trimethaphan are examples of what type of drug

Back 10

ganglion blockers

Front 11

the major compensatory response of ganglion blockers is

Back 11

salt and water retention

Front 12

major adverse side effects of ganglion blockers include

Back 12

sympathetic blockade - severe orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction
Para blockade - constipation, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction, urinary hesitancy

Front 13

reserpine works to lower BP by

Back 13

depleting nerve terminal of NE

Front 14

guanethidine works to lower BP by

Back 14

blocking the release of stored NE from nerve terminal

Front 15

major compensatory response of reserpine and guanethidine is

Back 15

salt and water retention

Front 16

which readily enters the CNS, reserpine or guanethidine

Back 16

reserpine

Front 17

What is the most serious toxicity of reserpine use

Back 17

behavioral depression

Front 18

What are the major toxicities of guanethidine use?

Back 18

orthostatic hypertension and sexual dysfunction

Front 19

Which drugs can interfere with the action of guanethidine?

How do they do this?

Back 19

cocaine, TCAs

interfere with action of catecholamine reuptake pump (uptake1)

Front 20

How do MAO inhibitors work?

Back 20

Create a false transmitter (octopamine) which competes with NE for space in the adrenergic terminal vessicles. Action potential releases this mixture that has diminished cardiac and vascular responses

Front 21

Why are MAO inhibitors not so frequently used for treatment of HTN?

Back 21

risk of hypertensive crisis if taken with large dose of indirect acting sympathomimetics (ie tyramine in a meal of fermented foods)

Front 22

How do alpha blockers work?

Back 22

reduce vascular resistance and venous return

Front 23

Why are non-selective alpha blockers of no use in chronic HTN?

Back 23

excessive compensatory responses (tachycardia)