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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes up the CNS? what does it do?
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Brain and spinal cord
Receives and processes information and initiates action |
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What is the PNS? what is one division?
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Outside the brain and spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one division; has motor and sensory neurons |
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WHat is the PNS?
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Outside the brain and spinal cord
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What is the ANS a division of? what kind of neurons make it up?
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one division; has motor and sensory neurons
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What are the two divisions of motor neurons?
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sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight responses) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest- and-digest responses)
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Ganglion:
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: aggregation of nerve cell fibers
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Acetylcholine
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neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons of CNS
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Norepinephrine:
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main neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons
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Cholinergic:
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receptors to which acetylcholine binds
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Adrenergic:
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receptors to which norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine bind
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers exit the CNS through cranial nerves and sacral spinal roots and travel to innervated tissues
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what are the two main types of adrenergic receptors? what are divided into?
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alpha, beta
- alpha 1alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 |
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Where are alpha adrenergic receptors found?
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- vascular smooth muscle
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where are beta adrenergic recpetors found?
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smooth and cardiac muscle
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What are the two main types of cholinergic receptors?
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Muscarinic and Nicotinic
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Sympathomimetics (adrenergic agonists):
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stimulate sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight)
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Parasympathomimetics (cholinergic agonists):
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stimulate parasympathetic nervous system (rest-and-digest)
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Adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)
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inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
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Anticholinergics (cholinergic blockers)
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inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system
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Some sympathomimetics are catecholamines:
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Norepinephrine (released at nerve terminals)
Epinephrine (released from adrenal medulla) Dopamine (released from sites in brain, kidneys and GI tract) |
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WHat do alpha 1 - receptor agnoists cause?
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vasoconstriction, mydriasis, decreased GI motility, sphincter contraction, increased sweat, decreased bile secretion
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Where are beta 1 receptors located?
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Receptors are located on myocardium, sphincters and smooth muscle of GI tract, and renal arterioles.
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What do beta 1 receptor agnoist work to do?
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increase rate and force of heart contractions, increase lipolysis in adipose tissue, decrease digestion and GI motility, and increase glomerular filtration.
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Where are beta 2 receptors located?
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in smooth muscle of bronchioles; skeletal muscle; blood vessels supplying the heart, brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscle; uterus; and liver cells.
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What do beta 2 receptor agnosists cause?
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bronchodilation, increased muscle excitability, vasodilation, and uterine relaxation.
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How do adrenergic antagonists direct act and indirect act?
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Direct acting: have affinity for receptor, but block normal response
Indirect acting: block adrenergic nerve transmission by inhibiting release of neurotransmitter or depleting stores of neurotransmitter |
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muscarinic
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Muscarinic innervate smooth muscle and slow heart rate
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Nicotinic
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affect skeletal muscle
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what do cholenergic blockers affect?
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Affect the heart, respiratory tract, bladder, eyes, GI tract, and sweat glands
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