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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the natural defenses of the blood?
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1. Phagocytic cells
2. Filtering action of lymph nodes and spleen 3. IgG and IgM 4. Endogenous organism |
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What virus caused Hepatitis B?
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Hepatitis B virus.
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What virus caused AIDS?
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Human immunodeficiency virus
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How are Hep B and AIDS transmitted?
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By blood-borne route, but can be present in any body fluid in an infected individual.
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What are 6 ways that AIDS & Hep B can be transmitted?
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1. blood products and blood contaminated formites
2. Transplacental and perinatal 3. milk of infected nursing mothers 4. salivas 5. vaginal secretions 6. semen |
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Hep B vs. AIDS in the probability to be transmitted
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1. Hep B is very plentiful is an infect individual, while AIDS particles are relatively scared in blood. 2. Hep B is more resistant to environment, i.e. drying and radiation. Versus, AIDS is very sensitive to drying, boiling, and chlorination.
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AIDS is very sensitive to what environment factors?
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Drying, boiling, and chlorination
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What is the Pathology of Hep B?
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Invade liver and destroy liver cell.
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Does Hep B follows the iceberg principles?
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Yes, most ppl are asymptomic.
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3 Ways to prevent STD
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1. screening of body fluid donated to others
2. use of new needles 3. use of gloves and other protective clothing |
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Hep B is common in who?
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Drug users, medical personnel, homosexual males, and immigrants from endemic Hep B areas
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Hep B vs. Hep A in incubation period
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Infectious Hep: 1-2 weeks
Hep B: 1-2 months |
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How to diagnose Hep B?
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detect antibody of virus
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What is the immune response of Hep B?
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Humoral
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What is the treatment for Hep B?
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Only palliative treatment. Bedrest. Immunoglobulin. Passive immunization (if severe)
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How to prevention Hep B?
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Available subunit vaccine.
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Pathology of AIDS
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1) HIV infects T-helpers cell. Virus integrates to cell DNA. CD4 cells die. 2) Macrophage infect but not kill; act as reservoir
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Infected microbes for AIDS patients
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1) Thrush - Candida albicans
2) Keposi's sarcoma - cancer of blood vessel 3) Pneumocystis cainii pneumonia - fungal infection 4) Several Protozoal disease 5) HSV & VZ 6) TB 7) neruological abnoramlities |
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Treatment for AIDS
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constantly changing as new drugs come out.
1) AZT - inhibit reverse transcriptase 2) Protease inhibiitors - stop consturction of virus |
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Prevention for AIDS
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1) Prevent infected women from conception nor birth
2) Vaccine - hard b/c strands keeps mutating |
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Biological vectors of blood borne disease
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mosquitoes, biting flies, bugs, lice, tick, and mites.
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Etiology of Malaria
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Sporozoa (parasitic)
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Pathology of Malaria
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migrant to liver. go to blood. destroy red blood cell.
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Treatment
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-Melfoquine
-Primaquine |
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Prevent
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pesticides, drainage of swamps & canal, mosquitos repellent, vaccine, exclude w/malaria history as blood donor
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Why is West Niles virus more prevalence in summer?
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Mosquitoes are more active then.
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