Lec 2- Pharma- Jan 12Th,

Front 1

What does medical terminology mostly originate from?

Back 1

greek and late prefixes, roots and suffixes

Front 2

5 sources of drug derivation

Back 2

1. plants
2. humans/ animals
3. minerals
4. synthetucs
5. engineered

Front 3

What are solid drug types?

Back 3

pills: powdered drug mixed with liquid
- tablets: powdered drug form with filler and compressed

Front 4

What can tablets be?

Back 4

chewable, sublingual, buccal, enteric coated, buffered and sustain release

Front 5

Capsules

Back 5

external shell, made of gelatine, inside:
- drug in power, granule, liquid or combo

Front 6

Enteric- coating

Back 6

prevents capsule or tablet from being dissolved in stomach, moves to intestines

Front 7

caplets

Back 7

shaped like capsules with form of tables, film coated for easy swallowing

Front 8

Gelcaps

Back 8

oil based drug in soft gratin capsules

Front 9

powders

Back 9

dried and finely ground drugs

Front 10

granules

Back 10

tiny pills usually in gelatine capsules, intended for gradual release

Front 11

Troches or lozenges

Back 11

flatttended disks that may be hard or semisolid

Front 12

Syrups

Back 12

aqueous solutions containing high conc. of sugars

Front 13

solutions

Back 13

drugs dissolved in solvent

Front 14

Elixirs

Back 14

solutions of water, alcohol and sugar

Front 15

aerosols

Back 15

oral inhalers, or nebulizers for rapid absoption into blood circulation

Front 16

Topical drugs:

Back 16

semi solid, creams, ointments, plasters

Front 17

Creams: semi soldis in both aqueous and oily base

Back 17

suncreen

Front 18

ointments

Back 18

similar to dream, used for local protective soothing, astringent or transdermal system effects

Front 19

plasters

Back 19

combo liquids ad powders that harden when dry

Front 20

Topical drugs: liquid type

Back 20

liniments
gels or jellies
lotions

Front 21

liniments

Back 21

liquid suspensions for external application to skin

Front 22

gels or jellies

Back 22

jellylike substance for topical application

Front 23

lotions

Back 23

suspenspetions of drugs in water base for external use

Front 24

Injected drugs provide what kind of response?

Back 24

rapid, also called parenteral

Front 25

What form are injected drugs avail be in?

Back 25

powders or solutions

Front 26

liniments

Back 26

liquid suspensions for external application to skin

Front 27

gels or jellies

Back 27

jellylike substance for topical application

Front 28

lotions

Back 28

suspenspetions of drugs in water base for external use

Front 29

Injected drugs provide what kind of response?

Back 29

rapid, also called parenteral

Front 30

What form are injected drugs avail be in?

Back 30

powders or solutions

Front 31

injected drugs can be administered these ways:

Back 31

Intra-articular
Intradermal
Intramuscular (IM)
Epidural
Subcutaneous
Intravenous (IV)

Front 32

Ophthalmic:

Back 32

eye drops and ointments

Front 33

Otic:

Back 33

ear medications

Front 34

Nasal:

Back 34

nose drops or sprays

Front 35

Vaginal:

Back 35

solutions, creams, tablets, suppositories: meant for vaginal enviro

Front 36

Rectal:

Back 36

suppositories or enemas

Front 37

Inhalation:

Back 37

anesthetic gases, compressed gases, bronchodilators

Front 38

What are the routes of admin?

Back 38

enteral
parenteral

Front 39

Enteral

Back 39

absorbed through the GI tract
- oral
- nasogastric or gastrostomy tube
- sublingual or buccal

Front 40

Parenteral

Back 40

injected
- intravenous, intramuscular, subcuntaneous, intradermal

Front 41

Enteral route oral: what are the benefits?

Back 41

most common, easiest, and most economical

Front 42

Contraindiction

Back 42

is a condition or factor that increases the risks involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity

Front 43

Contraindicated

Back 43

if patient is vomiting, has gastric or intestinal suction, is unconscious, or is unable to swallow

Front 44

Which meds are best for kids?

Back 44

liquid

Front 45

Enteral route: nasogastric? how is it conducted?

Back 45

nasogastric tube; which is inserted through nasopharynx and into stomach

Front 46

Enteral route: gastrostomy how is it conducted?

Back 46

gastrostomy tube: surgically placed directly into stomach

Front 47

Enteral route: sublingual, how is it conducted?
- why is it used?

Back 47

sulblingual: placed under tongue for dissolving
- used for rapid action Absorbs directly to the blood stream! of you swallow, it goes through the liver that destroys part of it before it can even work.

Front 48

Enteral Route: Buccal

Back 48

- gum and cheek for dissolving
- forms include tablets, capsules, lozenges and troches
- should not be swelled
- used over sublingual for a sustained release

Front 49

Parenteral routes pros and cons

Back 49

more quickly absorbed than oral route
- irretrievable
- invasive
- asepetic techniques must be used

Front 50

What equipment is used for parenteral equipment

Back 50

needles
syringes
ampules and vials

Front 51

needles:

Back 51

pierce the skin, allow injection

Front 52

syringes

Back 52

contain and then transfer meds to through the needle

Front 53

Ampules and vials

Back 53

contain med that is then drawn into syringe for injection

Front 54

Are needles reusable? what are they made of?

Back 54

most are disposable and made os stainless steel
- special procedure one may be reusable and need to be resharpend

Front 55

what are the three parts of a needle

Back 55

bevel, slants tip
cannual : attch to hum
hub: fits to syringe

Front 56

Gauge:

Back 56

diameter of shaft
from # 18 to # 28
smallest is largest number

Front 57

Length of shaft range? how is it determined which to use?

Back 57

ranges from .5 to 2
- determined by type of injection, patients weight, and muscle development

Front 58

slant or length of bevel depends on?

Back 58

longer bevels for IM and subcutantin

shorter for IV of intramural

Front 59

Aumpules vs. vials

Back 59

ampules made of clear glass, usually single dose and pre scored neck to be cut open.
- vials, small glass with rubber cap and pierced with needle to withdraw

Front 60

What are the procedures for a intradermal injection?

Back 60

inner forearm or upper back just below epidermis into dermis

-enters at 15 degrees

Front 61

What are intradermal injections usually used for?

Back 61

- common for tuberculin, or allergy tests or to admin local anesthetics
- produces small wheal on skis out surface

Front 62

How is a subcutaneous injection given?

Back 62

upper arms, back or abs

- small volumes, 45 degrees

Front 63

What are subcutaneous injections usually used for?

Back 63

heparin and insulin

Front 64

How are intramusclar injections given?

Back 64

upper arm, thigh or hip muscles
- 1-3 ml of meds
- 90 degrees

Front 65

What are intramusclar injections usually used for?

Back 65

drugs that irritate subcutaneous tissue

Front 66

How are intravenous injections usually given

Back 66

injected directly into veins, usually in arms

- inserted at short angle to skin

Front 67

How can they be admined?

Back 67

slowly, rapidly
- piggyback infution, (second drug in same line)
- into existing iv line (iv port
- into intermittent access device, heparin lock or added IV solution
-

Front 68

Transdermal meds provide what kind of admin? examples?

Back 68

sustained release

nicotine, nitroglycerin

- many factors effect the absorbion.
- have chemicals that help break the skin barrier

Front 69

Ophthalmic route:

Back 69

meds admined to the eyes using instillation or irrigations with liquids or ointments
- must use sterile technique

- diluted to less than 1%

-

Front 70

Otis route:

Back 70

localized infection of inflammation of ears
treated by dropping small amount of sterilized med into ear

- should lie on one side for 5 mins to allow for coating of inner ear

Front 71

Nasal route

Back 71

nasal decongestants are most common nasal instillations, many are OTC
- admired with dropper and sprays,

Front 72

Inhaltions routes

Back 72

- may admin medicines, water vapour, gases such as oxygen, CO2, and helium

- local effects achieved within the respiratory tract through

- aerosols, nebulizers or metered dose inhalers

- also a bit systemic.
- don't always need those mini particles, maybe dosnt need to get into bronchi

Front 73

How are inhaled asthma meds usually admired?

Back 73

Commonly administered by nebulizer
Delivers fine fog or mist using atomization or aerosolization

Front 74

Atomization:

Back 74

larger droplets are inhaled

Front 75

Aerosolization

Back 75

droplets are suspended in gas such as oxygen (the smaller the droplets, the further they can be inhaled into the respiratory system)

Front 76

Vaginal Route is for? how is it used?

Back 76

Vaginal medications, or instillations, include creams, jellies, foams, or suppositories

Suppositories are inserted with the finger of a gloved hand; they melt at body temperature.

Vaginal creams may be instilled by using an applicator.

Front 77

Rectal Routeis for? how is it used? when? why?

Back 77

Rectal medications are usually suppositories.

This route is useful for patients who are nauseated, vomiting, or unconscious.

Other rectal medications are available as solutions that are administered in the form of enemas.