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241 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
aortic valve
semilunar valve that prevents backflow of blood from aorta to heart
apex
rounded tip of heart, pointing left and downward
atrial appendage
ear-shaped continuation of left and right upper part of atria
atrioventricular node
located in right atrium near lower portion of interatrial septum and composed of small mass of atypical cardiac muscle tissue (also called AV node)
atriventricular valves
valves between atria and ventricles of heart (left valve is bicuspid or mitral valve and right valve is tricuspid in some species)
atrium
left or right upper chamber of heart
bundle of His
band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that arise in atrioventricular septum, transmitting atrial contraction rhythm to ventricles (also called atrioventricular bundle)
chordae tendineae
tendinous strings resembling cords that extend from cusps of atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of heart
conus arteriosus
upper, anterior angle of right ventricle where pulmonary artery begins (also called infundibulum of the heart)
cor
heart
coronary arteries and veins
blood vessels of heart
cusp
leafletlike segment of cardiac valve
diastole
relaxation stage of heart action
ductus arteriosus
blood vessel present in fetal circulation that connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta
endocardium
endothelial membrane lining chambers of heart
epicardium
outermost serous layer covering heart
foramen ovale
opening between atria in fetal heart, normally closed after birth
interventricular
between ventricles
myocardium
thick middle muscle layer of heart wall
pacemaker
sinoatrial node, which initiates heartbeat and regulates its rate
pericardium
external layer of membrane covering heart
pulmonary valve
valve at base of pulmonary artery (also called semilunar valve)
purkinje fibers
specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are involved in impulse-conduction system of heart
semilunar valves
the half-moon-shaped valves at base of pulmonary artery and aorta
sinoatrial node
initiates heartbeat and regulates its rate
systole
contraction stage of heart action
valves
membranous structures in passages that close to prevent reflux of contents
antibody
protein substance formed in lymphoid tissue that interacts with specific antigen to protect body
antigen
substance that triggers formation of specific antibodies, which react against antigen
basophil
cell that stains with basic dyes
capillary
small blood vessel that connects arterioles with venules, forming vast network throughout body
eosinophil
cell that stains readily with orange or yellow acid eosin dyes
erythrocyte
red blood cell
erythropoieses
reb blood cell production
granulocyte
cell containing granules (leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils, basophils or eosinophils
granulocytopoieses
production of granulocytes
hematopoiesis
production of red blood cells (also called hemopoiesis)
heme
insoluble, nonprotein, iron-containing portion of hemoglobin
hemoglobin
iron-containing red pigment (heme) that combines with protein substance (globin), giving blood its red color
heparin
anticoagulant substance
leukocye
white blood cell
leukocytopoiesis
leukocyte production (also calle leukopoiesis)
lymphocye
clear, nongranular leukocyte with single, round nucleus that functionis in phagocytosis and antibody formation
lymphopoiesis
production of lymphocytes
macrocyte
abonormally large erthrocyte
megakaryocyte
giant cell of bone marrow that produces mature blood platelets
monocyte
phagocytic, mononunuclear white blood cell (leukocyte)
monocytopoiesis
formation of monocytes
neutrophil
neutral dye-staining granular leukocyte containing lobed nucleus (also called polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
phagocytosis
ingestion and destruction of microorganisms, cells and foreign matter
plasma
liquid portion of blood
plasmocyte
plasma cell
platelet
disklike, nonnucleated element in blood, originating in red bone marrow and necessary for blood coagulation (also called thrombocyte)
prothrombin
factor in blood plasma that converts to thrombin and is part of blood clotting mechanism
riticulocyte
immature red blood cell, which shows basophilic reticulum (network) under vital staining
serum
blood plasma without the clotting elements
sinusoid
large, variable, anastomosing, terminal blood vessel with reticuloendothelium lining, found in organs such as liver and spleen
thrombin
activated prothrombin; changes fibronogen to fibrin
thrombocyte
blood platelet
thromboplastin
substance in blood and body tissue that aids in converting prothrombin to thrombin
tunica
outer covering or lining of organ or body part
tunica adventitia
fibrous elastic outer covering of blood vessels
tunica intima
inner coat of blood vessel
tunica media
middle coat of blood vessel
vas
vessel
cisterna chyli
origin of throacic duct and saclike reservoir for lymph collection
hilum
depression where vessels and nerves enter spleen
lymphatic duct
channel conducting lymph, referring chiefly to right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic or thoracic duct
lymphatic glands
gland like masses of lymphatic tissue varting in size from dots to bea-sized bodies identified by their locations along course of lymphatic vessels
lymphatic vessel
channel for conveying lymph
lymph follicle
saclike collector of lymphoid substances, chiefly beneath mucous surfaces
sinusoids
sinuslike capillaries with specialized function
spleen
largest lymphoid system structue, flattened, oval-shaped, glandlike organ located in upper left side of abdominal cavity
splenic pulp
white splenic pulp is sheath of lymphatic tissue that surrounds arteries of spleen; red splenic pulp is lymphatic tissue permeated with sinusoids filled with blood
throacic duct
left lymphatic duct draining left side of body above and entire body below diaphragm
thymus gland
grayish-pink structure of lymph tissue in mediastinum that has function in immune system
tonsils
three pairs of small, round masses of lymphoie tissue
arteritis
inflammation of artery
bacteremia
bacteria in blood
carditits
inflammation of heart
endarteritis
inflammation of tunica intima of artery
endarteritis obliterans
endarteritis with narrowing and closure of arterial lumen (passage space within tube)
endocarditis
inflammation of endocardium
erythrocytosis
abnormal increase in red blood cells
leukocytosis
temporary increase in number of leukocytes in blood, caused by inflammation, infection, or hemorrhage
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
lymphangitis
inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
panarteritis
inflammatory arterial disease involving all layers of arterial wall
periarteritis
inflammation of adventitia (outer layer) of artery
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium
phlebitis
inflammation of vein, with thrombus formation, accompanied by pain and edema
polyarteritis
inflammatory condition of arterial system with many destructive lesions
septicemia
general systemic blood infection caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins (also called blood poisoning)
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein with clot formation
epistaxis
nose bleed
hemarthrosis
presence of blood in joint
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hematocele
blood in cavity or cyst
hematoma
blood, usually clotted, accumulated in tissue, organ or space due to blood vessel wall break
hematometra
accumulation of blood in cavity of uterus
hematomyelia
bleeding into spinal cord
hematopericardium
escape of blood into pericardium (also called hemopericardium)
hematoperitoneum
escape of blood into peritoneum
hematuria
blood in urine
hemothorax
accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
melena
passing of tarry stools due to presence of digested blood
petechial hemorrhages
small pinpoint hemorrhages in skin or mucous membranes
postpartum hemorrhage
hemorrhage after parturition
anemia
reduction in red blood cells
aplastic anemia
anemia resulting from bone marrow disease or destruction
deficiency anemia
anemia caused by lack of necessary nutrients
hemolytic anemia
anemia resulting from erythrocyte destruction
hypochromic microcytic anemia
anemia in which erythrocytes are smaller than normal and contain abnormally low amounts of hemoglobin
macrocytic
anemia in which erythrocytes are enlarged
aleukemic leukemia
leukemia in which white blood cell count is normal or below normal
leukemia
malignant, progressive disease, marked by abnormal increase in leukocyted production and decrease in erythrocytes and platelets, causing anemia and vulnerability to infection and hemorrhage, classified by (1) acute of chronic type, (2) cell type involved (myleloid, lymphoid or monocytic) and (3) increase or nonincrease of abnormal cells
lymphatic leukemia
leukemia combined with hyperplasia and overactivity of lymphoid tissue (also called lymphocytic and lymphoid leukemia)
monocytic leukemia
leukemia in which moncytes are pre-dominant white blood cells
myeloblastic leukemia
leukemia in which myeloblasts are predominant white blood cells
stem cell leukemia
leukemia that is difficult to type because prevailing cell is too immature and may be lymphoblasts, myeloblasts or monoblasts
hemophilia
hereditary disease of dogs in which there is deficiency in clotting of blood
patent ductus arteriosus
duct between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta in fetus that closes normally at birth
pulmonary stenosis
narrowing of passage between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
tetralogy of fallot
group of four cardiac anomalies, including pulmonary stenosis, dextroposition of aorta, interventricular septal defect and marked hypertrophy of right ventricle (also called Fallot's tetrad)
von Willebrand's disease
clotting disorder found in Dobermans, German shepherds and certain other breeds
agranulocytosis
disease characterized by decrease in granulocytes
aneurysm
blood-filled, saclike formation caused by localized dilation of blood vessel wall (usually artery) or heart
angina
refers to any condition with attacks of suffocation paroxysmal pain
angina pectoris
severe, paroxysmal chest pain in humans, usually radiating from the cardiac area of the chest to the left shoulder and down the left arm
angiomegaly
enlargemento of blood vessel
angionecrosis
necrosis (death) of blood vessel walls
angiosclerosis
sclerosis (hardening) of blood vessel walls
angiostenosis
narrowing of vessels
aortic insufficiencey
blood from aorta flows back to the left ventricle because of malfunctioning of semilunar valve of aorta
arrhythmia
irregular rhythm of the heartbeat
arteriosclerosis
classification of diseases of arteries, marked by thickening of walls of arteries and loss of their elasticity
arteriospasm
spasm of artery
arteriostenosis
narrowing of diameter of artery
atherosclerosis
type of arterlosclerosis marked by formation of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids within intima of large and medium-sized arteries
bradycardia
slow heartbeat
cardiac arrest
abrupt stopping of cardiac function and absence of arterial blood pressure
cardiac hypertrophy
enlargement of heart
cardiac murmur
abnormal heart sound
cardiomegaly
enlargement of heart
cardiomyopathy
heart muscle disease found in cats
carotenemia
presence of carotene in blood, sometimes producing a jaundicelike coloring
congestive heart failure
prolonged inability of heart to pump and maintain blood flow adequately, resulting in impaired circulation, edema throughout body, and blood backed up in veins leading to heart
cor pulmonale
cardiac condition caused by pulmonary hypertension resulting from disease of lungs or their blood vessels
cyanosis
bluish color of skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced amounts of oxygen in blood
embolism
blocking of blood vessel by obstruction such as blood clot, air bubble, fat globule, tissue, bacteria clump or amniotic debris, carried by blood flow
erythrocytosis
increase of red blood cells in circulation
erythropenia
deficiencey of erythrocytes (also called erythrocytopenia)
fibrillation
arrhythmia with uncoordinated, irregular contractions of heart muscle affecting atria or ventricles
granulocytopenia
decrease of granulocytes in blood (also called granulopenia)
granulcytosis
unusually large number of granulocytes in blood
heart block
partial or complete interference with the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses
hemangiectasis
dilation of blood vessels (also called angiectasis)
hematocytopenia
deficiency in elements of blood cells
hematocytosis
increase in elements of blood
hematopenia
decrease in blood
hemaglobinemia
free hemoglobin in blood plasma
hypertension
high blood pressure
hypotension
low blood pressure
infarct
area of tissue that is damaged or necrotic because of an insufficient blood supply resulting from obstruction to circulation
ischemia
local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to area of body caused by obstruction in blood vessel supplying area
leukopenia (leukocytopenia)
reduction in amount of white blood cells
lymphadenitis
lymph node inflammation
lymphadenopathy
disease of lymph nodes
lymphangiectasis
swellin of vessels of lymphatics
lymphedema
swelling caused by blockage of lymphatics
lymphocytopenia
decrease of lymphocytes in blood
lymphocytosis
excess of lymphocytes in blood
lymphorrhea
discharge of lymph from cut or torn lymph vessel
lymphostasis
obstruction to lymph flow
mitral insufficiency
most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
protrusion of mitral valve into left atrium, causing backflow of blood caused by incomplete closure
moncytopenia
decrease of monocytes in blood
monocytosis
increase of monocytes in blood
neutropenia
decrease of neutrophils in blood (also called neutrocytopenia)
occlusion
obstruction of blood vessel, which may be caused by thrombus or embolus
palpitation
rapid action or tachycardia of heart
paroxysmal tachycardia
sudden onset of rapid hearbeat, beginning and ending abruptly
phlebangioma
aneurysm of vein
phlebectasia
swelling of vein or veins or varicosity (also called phlebectasis)
phlebostenosis
narrowing of the walls of vein
polycythemia
increase of erythrocytes in blood
pulmonary edema
edema of lungs symptomatic of congestive heart failure
reticulocytopenia
decrease in amount of reticulocytes in blood (also called reticulopenia)
splenomegaly
enlargement of spleen
thrombocytopenia
decrease in platelets in blood
thrombosis
formation, presence, or development of blood clot or thrombus
thrombus
blood clot obstructing blood vessel
thymopathy
any disease of thymus
thymus hyperplasia
enlarged thymus
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels
vasospasm
blood vessel spasm causing narrowing in its diameter
hemangioma
benign tumor caused by cluster of newly formed blood vessels
hemangiosarcoma
malignant tumor of vascular tissue
lymphangioma
tumor made up of newly formed lymph channels and spaces
lymphangiosarcoma
malignant tumor of lymph vessels
lymphoma
lymphoid tissue tumors, usually malignant
lymphomatosis
development of multiple lymphomas in body
lymphosarcoma
malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue
anastomosis
creation of passage between two vessels
angioplasty
repair of vessel
angiorrhaphy
suture of vessel
arteriectomy
excision of section of artery
arterioplasty
repair of artery
arteriorrhaphy
suture of artery
arteriotomy
incision of artery
artificial cardiac pacemaker
device (implanted or external) used in place of defective sinoatrial node to supply electrical impulses to heart
cardiac prosthesis
articial replacement of cardiac tissue, such as plastic valves and patches or plastic tubular grafts for diseased arteries
cardiocentesis
surgical puncture or incision of heart
lymphadenectomy
excision of lymph node
open heart surgery
surgical procedures involving prolonged manipulation inside heart, with heart detached from systemic circulation and heart-lung machine replacing its function
splenectomy
removal of spleen
splenorrhapy
repair of spleen
splenotomy
incision of spleen
thrombectomy
excision of thrombus from blood vessels
thymectomy
removal of thymus
venipuncture
puncture of vein to draw blood
abdominal aortography
x-ray studies of abdominal aorta and other vessels, using contrast medium
activated partial thromoplastin time
blood test to screen for coagulation disorders and various clotting factors
angiocardiogram
contrast medium injected into blood vessels and X-ray taken (used to study vessels throughout body)
blood culture
sample of blood incubated in growth medium to determine type of organsim causing infection
bone marrow aspiration
insertion of needle into bone to obtain samples of bone marrow for analysis to diagnose disorders involving red and white blood cells by evaluating them as to appearance, numbers development, and presence of infection
cardiac catheterization
passage of a small catheter into heart via vein to inject dye for X-ray purposes, to record pressure and to discover anomalies of heart
coagulation tests
tests of blood plasma and serum to determine clotting ability
complete blood count (CBC)
tests to determine number of red and white cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin percent-age in blood
coombs's test
test to determine presence of antibodies against red blood cells
differential blood count
percen-ages of leukocytes in blood sample
echocardiography (cardiac ultra-sound examination)
use of high-frequency sound wavesto visualize heart for assessing valvular heart disease and overall heart function
electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG)
instrument that produces graphic record of electrical currents of heart
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
measure of rate at which red blood cells settle in unclotted blood, used as an indication of presence of inflammatory diseases and infections
glucose tolerance test
measurement of blood sugar levels at specific intervals after fasting patients intake of glucose used to determine effectivness of sugar metabolism
hematocrit
procedure or apparatus for determining erythrocytic volume in whole blood
hemogram
written record of differential blood count
hemolysis
rupture of red cells with release of hemoglobin
prothrombin time
test to determine time necessary for clot formation in plasma, which provides measure of activity of various coagulation factors
reticulocyte count
measure of reticulocytes as percentage of all red cells