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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aortic valve
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semilunar valve that prevents backflow of blood from aorta to heart
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apex
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rounded tip of heart, pointing left and downward
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atrial appendage
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ear-shaped continuation of left and right upper part of atria
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atrioventricular node
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located in right atrium near lower portion of interatrial septum and composed of small mass of atypical cardiac muscle tissue (also called AV node)
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atriventricular valves
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valves between atria and ventricles of heart (left valve is bicuspid or mitral valve and right valve is tricuspid in some species)
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atrium
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left or right upper chamber of heart
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bundle of His
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band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that arise in atrioventricular septum, transmitting atrial contraction rhythm to ventricles (also called atrioventricular bundle)
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chordae tendineae
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tendinous strings resembling cords that extend from cusps of atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of heart
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conus arteriosus
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upper, anterior angle of right ventricle where pulmonary artery begins (also called infundibulum of the heart)
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cor
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heart
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coronary arteries and veins
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blood vessels of heart
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cusp
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leafletlike segment of cardiac valve
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diastole
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relaxation stage of heart action
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ductus arteriosus
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blood vessel present in fetal circulation that connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta
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endocardium
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endothelial membrane lining chambers of heart
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epicardium
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outermost serous layer covering heart
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foramen ovale
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opening between atria in fetal heart, normally closed after birth
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interventricular
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between ventricles
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myocardium
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thick middle muscle layer of heart wall
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pacemaker
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sinoatrial node, which initiates heartbeat and regulates its rate
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pericardium
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external layer of membrane covering heart
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pulmonary valve
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valve at base of pulmonary artery (also called semilunar valve)
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purkinje fibers
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specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are involved in impulse-conduction system of heart
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semilunar valves
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the half-moon-shaped valves at base of pulmonary artery and aorta
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sinoatrial node
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initiates heartbeat and regulates its rate
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systole
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contraction stage of heart action
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valves
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membranous structures in passages that close to prevent reflux of contents
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antibody
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protein substance formed in lymphoid tissue that interacts with specific antigen to protect body
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antigen
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substance that triggers formation of specific antibodies, which react against antigen
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basophil
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cell that stains with basic dyes
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capillary
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small blood vessel that connects arterioles with venules, forming vast network throughout body
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eosinophil
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cell that stains readily with orange or yellow acid eosin dyes
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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erythropoieses
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reb blood cell production
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granulocyte
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cell containing granules (leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils, basophils or eosinophils
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granulocytopoieses
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production of granulocytes
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hematopoiesis
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production of red blood cells (also called hemopoiesis)
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heme
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insoluble, nonprotein, iron-containing portion of hemoglobin
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hemoglobin
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iron-containing red pigment (heme) that combines with protein substance (globin), giving blood its red color
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heparin
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anticoagulant substance
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leukocye
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white blood cell
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leukocytopoiesis
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leukocyte production (also calle leukopoiesis)
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lymphocye
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clear, nongranular leukocyte with single, round nucleus that functionis in phagocytosis and antibody formation
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lymphopoiesis
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production of lymphocytes
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macrocyte
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abonormally large erthrocyte
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megakaryocyte
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giant cell of bone marrow that produces mature blood platelets
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monocyte
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phagocytic, mononunuclear white blood cell (leukocyte)
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monocytopoiesis
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formation of monocytes
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neutrophil
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neutral dye-staining granular leukocyte containing lobed nucleus (also called polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
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phagocytosis
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ingestion and destruction of microorganisms, cells and foreign matter
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plasma
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liquid portion of blood
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plasmocyte
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plasma cell
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platelet
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disklike, nonnucleated element in blood, originating in red bone marrow and necessary for blood coagulation (also called thrombocyte)
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prothrombin
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factor in blood plasma that converts to thrombin and is part of blood clotting mechanism
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riticulocyte
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immature red blood cell, which shows basophilic reticulum (network) under vital staining
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serum
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blood plasma without the clotting elements
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sinusoid
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large, variable, anastomosing, terminal blood vessel with reticuloendothelium lining, found in organs such as liver and spleen
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thrombin
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activated prothrombin; changes fibronogen to fibrin
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thrombocyte
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blood platelet
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thromboplastin
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substance in blood and body tissue that aids in converting prothrombin to thrombin
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tunica
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outer covering or lining of organ or body part
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tunica adventitia
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fibrous elastic outer covering of blood vessels
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tunica intima
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inner coat of blood vessel
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tunica media
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middle coat of blood vessel
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vas
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vessel
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cisterna chyli
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origin of throacic duct and saclike reservoir for lymph collection
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hilum
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depression where vessels and nerves enter spleen
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lymphatic duct
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channel conducting lymph, referring chiefly to right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic or thoracic duct
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lymphatic glands
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gland like masses of lymphatic tissue varting in size from dots to bea-sized bodies identified by their locations along course of lymphatic vessels
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lymphatic vessel
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channel for conveying lymph
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lymph follicle
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saclike collector of lymphoid substances, chiefly beneath mucous surfaces
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sinusoids
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sinuslike capillaries with specialized function
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spleen
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largest lymphoid system structue, flattened, oval-shaped, glandlike organ located in upper left side of abdominal cavity
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splenic pulp
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white splenic pulp is sheath of lymphatic tissue that surrounds arteries of spleen; red splenic pulp is lymphatic tissue permeated with sinusoids filled with blood
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throacic duct
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left lymphatic duct draining left side of body above and entire body below diaphragm
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thymus gland
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grayish-pink structure of lymph tissue in mediastinum that has function in immune system
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tonsils
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three pairs of small, round masses of lymphoie tissue
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arteritis
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inflammation of artery
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bacteremia
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bacteria in blood
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carditits
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inflammation of heart
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endarteritis
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inflammation of tunica intima of artery
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endarteritis obliterans
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endarteritis with narrowing and closure of arterial lumen (passage space within tube)
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endocarditis
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inflammation of endocardium
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erythrocytosis
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abnormal increase in red blood cells
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leukocytosis
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temporary increase in number of leukocytes in blood, caused by inflammation, infection, or hemorrhage
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lymphadenitis
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inflammation of lymph nodes
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lymphangitis
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inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels
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myocarditis
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inflammation of heart muscle
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panarteritis
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inflammatory arterial disease involving all layers of arterial wall
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periarteritis
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inflammation of adventitia (outer layer) of artery
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pericarditis
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inflammation of pericardium
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phlebitis
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inflammation of vein, with thrombus formation, accompanied by pain and edema
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polyarteritis
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inflammatory condition of arterial system with many destructive lesions
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septicemia
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general systemic blood infection caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins (also called blood poisoning)
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thrombophlebitis
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inflammation of vein with clot formation
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epistaxis
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nose bleed
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hemarthrosis
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presence of blood in joint
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hematemesis
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vomiting of blood
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hematocele
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blood in cavity or cyst
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hematoma
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blood, usually clotted, accumulated in tissue, organ or space due to blood vessel wall break
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hematometra
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accumulation of blood in cavity of uterus
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hematomyelia
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bleeding into spinal cord
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hematopericardium
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escape of blood into pericardium (also called hemopericardium)
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hematoperitoneum
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escape of blood into peritoneum
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hematuria
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blood in urine
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hemothorax
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accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
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melena
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passing of tarry stools due to presence of digested blood
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petechial hemorrhages
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small pinpoint hemorrhages in skin or mucous membranes
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postpartum hemorrhage
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hemorrhage after parturition
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anemia
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reduction in red blood cells
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aplastic anemia
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anemia resulting from bone marrow disease or destruction
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deficiency anemia
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anemia caused by lack of necessary nutrients
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hemolytic anemia
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anemia resulting from erythrocyte destruction
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hypochromic microcytic anemia
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anemia in which erythrocytes are smaller than normal and contain abnormally low amounts of hemoglobin
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macrocytic
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anemia in which erythrocytes are enlarged
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aleukemic leukemia
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leukemia in which white blood cell count is normal or below normal
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leukemia
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malignant, progressive disease, marked by abnormal increase in leukocyted production and decrease in erythrocytes and platelets, causing anemia and vulnerability to infection and hemorrhage, classified by (1) acute of chronic type, (2) cell type involved (myleloid, lymphoid or monocytic) and (3) increase or nonincrease of abnormal cells
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lymphatic leukemia
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leukemia combined with hyperplasia and overactivity of lymphoid tissue (also called lymphocytic and lymphoid leukemia)
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monocytic leukemia
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leukemia in which moncytes are pre-dominant white blood cells
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myeloblastic leukemia
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leukemia in which myeloblasts are predominant white blood cells
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stem cell leukemia
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leukemia that is difficult to type because prevailing cell is too immature and may be lymphoblasts, myeloblasts or monoblasts
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hemophilia
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hereditary disease of dogs in which there is deficiency in clotting of blood
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patent ductus arteriosus
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duct between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta in fetus that closes normally at birth
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pulmonary stenosis
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narrowing of passage between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
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tetralogy of fallot
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group of four cardiac anomalies, including pulmonary stenosis, dextroposition of aorta, interventricular septal defect and marked hypertrophy of right ventricle (also called Fallot's tetrad)
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von Willebrand's disease
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clotting disorder found in Dobermans, German shepherds and certain other breeds
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agranulocytosis
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disease characterized by decrease in granulocytes
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aneurysm
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blood-filled, saclike formation caused by localized dilation of blood vessel wall (usually artery) or heart
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angina
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refers to any condition with attacks of suffocation paroxysmal pain
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angina pectoris
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severe, paroxysmal chest pain in humans, usually radiating from the cardiac area of the chest to the left shoulder and down the left arm
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angiomegaly
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enlargemento of blood vessel
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angionecrosis
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necrosis (death) of blood vessel walls
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angiosclerosis
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sclerosis (hardening) of blood vessel walls
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angiostenosis
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narrowing of vessels
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aortic insufficiencey
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blood from aorta flows back to the left ventricle because of malfunctioning of semilunar valve of aorta
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arrhythmia
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irregular rhythm of the heartbeat
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arteriosclerosis
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classification of diseases of arteries, marked by thickening of walls of arteries and loss of their elasticity
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arteriospasm
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spasm of artery
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arteriostenosis
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narrowing of diameter of artery
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atherosclerosis
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type of arterlosclerosis marked by formation of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids within intima of large and medium-sized arteries
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bradycardia
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slow heartbeat
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cardiac arrest
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abrupt stopping of cardiac function and absence of arterial blood pressure
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cardiac hypertrophy
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enlargement of heart
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cardiac murmur
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abnormal heart sound
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cardiomegaly
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enlargement of heart
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cardiomyopathy
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heart muscle disease found in cats
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carotenemia
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presence of carotene in blood, sometimes producing a jaundicelike coloring
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congestive heart failure
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prolonged inability of heart to pump and maintain blood flow adequately, resulting in impaired circulation, edema throughout body, and blood backed up in veins leading to heart
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cor pulmonale
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cardiac condition caused by pulmonary hypertension resulting from disease of lungs or their blood vessels
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cyanosis
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bluish color of skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced amounts of oxygen in blood
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embolism
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blocking of blood vessel by obstruction such as blood clot, air bubble, fat globule, tissue, bacteria clump or amniotic debris, carried by blood flow
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erythrocytosis
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increase of red blood cells in circulation
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erythropenia
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deficiencey of erythrocytes (also called erythrocytopenia)
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fibrillation
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arrhythmia with uncoordinated, irregular contractions of heart muscle affecting atria or ventricles
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granulocytopenia
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decrease of granulocytes in blood (also called granulopenia)
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granulcytosis
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unusually large number of granulocytes in blood
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heart block
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partial or complete interference with the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses
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hemangiectasis
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dilation of blood vessels (also called angiectasis)
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hematocytopenia
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deficiency in elements of blood cells
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hematocytosis
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increase in elements of blood
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hematopenia
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decrease in blood
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hemaglobinemia
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free hemoglobin in blood plasma
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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hypotension
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low blood pressure
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infarct
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area of tissue that is damaged or necrotic because of an insufficient blood supply resulting from obstruction to circulation
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ischemia
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local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to area of body caused by obstruction in blood vessel supplying area
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leukopenia (leukocytopenia)
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reduction in amount of white blood cells
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lymphadenitis
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lymph node inflammation
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lymphadenopathy
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disease of lymph nodes
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lymphangiectasis
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swellin of vessels of lymphatics
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lymphedema
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swelling caused by blockage of lymphatics
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lymphocytopenia
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decrease of lymphocytes in blood
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lymphocytosis
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excess of lymphocytes in blood
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lymphorrhea
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discharge of lymph from cut or torn lymph vessel
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lymphostasis
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obstruction to lymph flow
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mitral insufficiency
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most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs
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mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
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protrusion of mitral valve into left atrium, causing backflow of blood caused by incomplete closure
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moncytopenia
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decrease of monocytes in blood
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monocytosis
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increase of monocytes in blood
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neutropenia
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decrease of neutrophils in blood (also called neutrocytopenia)
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occlusion
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obstruction of blood vessel, which may be caused by thrombus or embolus
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palpitation
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rapid action or tachycardia of heart
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paroxysmal tachycardia
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sudden onset of rapid hearbeat, beginning and ending abruptly
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phlebangioma
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aneurysm of vein
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phlebectasia
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swelling of vein or veins or varicosity (also called phlebectasis)
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phlebostenosis
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narrowing of the walls of vein
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polycythemia
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increase of erythrocytes in blood
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pulmonary edema
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edema of lungs symptomatic of congestive heart failure
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reticulocytopenia
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decrease in amount of reticulocytes in blood (also called reticulopenia)
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of spleen
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thrombocytopenia
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decrease in platelets in blood
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thrombosis
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formation, presence, or development of blood clot or thrombus
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thrombus
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blood clot obstructing blood vessel
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thymopathy
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any disease of thymus
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thymus hyperplasia
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enlarged thymus
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vasoconstriction
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narrowing of blood vessels
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vasospasm
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blood vessel spasm causing narrowing in its diameter
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hemangioma
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benign tumor caused by cluster of newly formed blood vessels
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hemangiosarcoma
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malignant tumor of vascular tissue
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lymphangioma
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tumor made up of newly formed lymph channels and spaces
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lymphangiosarcoma
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malignant tumor of lymph vessels
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lymphoma
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lymphoid tissue tumors, usually malignant
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lymphomatosis
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development of multiple lymphomas in body
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lymphosarcoma
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malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue
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anastomosis
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creation of passage between two vessels
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angioplasty
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repair of vessel
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angiorrhaphy
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suture of vessel
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arteriectomy
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excision of section of artery
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arterioplasty
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repair of artery
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arteriorrhaphy
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suture of artery
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arteriotomy
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incision of artery
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artificial cardiac pacemaker
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device (implanted or external) used in place of defective sinoatrial node to supply electrical impulses to heart
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cardiac prosthesis
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articial replacement of cardiac tissue, such as plastic valves and patches or plastic tubular grafts for diseased arteries
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cardiocentesis
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surgical puncture or incision of heart
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lymphadenectomy
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excision of lymph node
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open heart surgery
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surgical procedures involving prolonged manipulation inside heart, with heart detached from systemic circulation and heart-lung machine replacing its function
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splenectomy
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removal of spleen
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splenorrhapy
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repair of spleen
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splenotomy
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incision of spleen
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thrombectomy
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excision of thrombus from blood vessels
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thymectomy
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removal of thymus
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venipuncture
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puncture of vein to draw blood
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abdominal aortography
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x-ray studies of abdominal aorta and other vessels, using contrast medium
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activated partial thromoplastin time
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blood test to screen for coagulation disorders and various clotting factors
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angiocardiogram
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contrast medium injected into blood vessels and X-ray taken (used to study vessels throughout body)
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blood culture
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sample of blood incubated in growth medium to determine type of organsim causing infection
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bone marrow aspiration
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insertion of needle into bone to obtain samples of bone marrow for analysis to diagnose disorders involving red and white blood cells by evaluating them as to appearance, numbers development, and presence of infection
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cardiac catheterization
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passage of a small catheter into heart via vein to inject dye for X-ray purposes, to record pressure and to discover anomalies of heart
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coagulation tests
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tests of blood plasma and serum to determine clotting ability
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complete blood count (CBC)
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tests to determine number of red and white cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin percent-age in blood
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coombs's test
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test to determine presence of antibodies against red blood cells
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differential blood count
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percen-ages of leukocytes in blood sample
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echocardiography (cardiac ultra-sound examination)
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use of high-frequency sound wavesto visualize heart for assessing valvular heart disease and overall heart function
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electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG)
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instrument that produces graphic record of electrical currents of heart
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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measure of rate at which red blood cells settle in unclotted blood, used as an indication of presence of inflammatory diseases and infections
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glucose tolerance test
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measurement of blood sugar levels at specific intervals after fasting patients intake of glucose used to determine effectivness of sugar metabolism
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hematocrit
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procedure or apparatus for determining erythrocytic volume in whole blood
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hemogram
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written record of differential blood count
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hemolysis
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rupture of red cells with release of hemoglobin
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prothrombin time
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test to determine time necessary for clot formation in plasma, which provides measure of activity of various coagulation factors
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reticulocyte count
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measure of reticulocytes as percentage of all red cells
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