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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Learning |
change in behavior as a result when interacting with the world |
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Memory |
record of our past experieces aquired through learning |
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Philosphy |
abstract study of principles that govern the universe, including human conduct |
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Nativism |
inborn; Plato, Darwin, Descartes |
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Empiricism |
built through experience; Aristotle, Pavlov, Thorndike |
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Associationism (Aristotle) |
memory depends on linkage between pairs of events peanut butter -->??? (Aristotle-Empiricist) 1st to write about memory |
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3 principles of Association |
Contiguity Frequency Similarity |
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Contiguity |
nearness in time and space |
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Frequency |
more frequently=stronger association |
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Similarity |
things that are similar that trigger each other |
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Dualism (Descartes) |
Nativist "I think, therefore i am" mind and body exist as separate entities
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Relexes |
mechanism for automatic reaction in response to external events |
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Empiricism (Locke) |
Empirsist "Tabula Rasa" -Blank Slate all men are born equal complex ideas formed by combining simple ideas through senses |
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Association (James) |
First Psych class memories reflect the storage of multiple associations components learning is forming associations between different elements of an experience
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Evoulution (Erasmus Darwin) |
species change over time, with new traits passed from one generation to the next |
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Natural Selection (Charles Darwin) |
species evolve when possess a trait meeting 3 conditions: must be inheritable must very must enhance survival |
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Evolutionary Psychology |
how behavior evolves through natural selection |
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Ebbinghaus (father of modern memory research) |
4 stages learning, delay, test, relearning |
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Behavior |
overt or observable responses or activities |
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Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) |
learning of associations in dogs and humans such that animal learns one stimulus and predicts an upcoming event |
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generalizaiton |
a different tone elicts a response |
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extension |
cessation of responding |
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Instrumental (operant) conditioning (thorndike) |
learning to respond to avoid or obtain certain consequnces |
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law of effect |
(+) consequence-increased probability of the behavior occurring again
(-) consequence-decreased probability of the behavior occurring again |
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Nurture |
environment |
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Radical Behaviorist |
free will |
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Cognitive Maps |
internal psychological rep of the spatial layout of the external world |
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Mathematical Psychology |
mathematical models to describe the laws of learning of learning and memory |
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Insight learning |
notion that an individual can go from not knowing an answer to sudden knowing it |
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Information Theory |
mathematical theory of communication providing a percise measure of how much info is contained in message |
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Symbols |
internal reps of concepts, qualities, ideas, etc in the world |
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Distributed reps |
ideas and concepts are represented as patterns of actividy over populations of nodes |
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Research Methods |
strategies used for conducting research experimental and descriptive correlation |
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Experiment |
manipulation of one variable under controlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can observed cause and effect relations |
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IV |
what is manipulated by the experimenter |
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DV |
what is measured or affected by the manipulation |
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variability |
how much scores vary from each other and from the mean
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Standard Deviation |
numerical depiction of variablity |
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Correlaiton |
numerical index of degree of relationship Strength (numbers closer to 1 indicate stronger relationship) Direction (+ or -) |
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Statistical Significance |
when the probability that the observed finding are due to chance is very low |
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Single Blind |
participant unaware of condition |
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Double Blind |
participant and experimenter unaware |
