Learning Processes And Disabilities

Front 1

Behaviorism?

Back 1

Learning is a relatively permanent change in ----behavior ---- due to experience

*Focuses on change in behavior

Front 2

Cognitivism

Back 2

Learning is a relatively permanent change in ----mental associations---- due to experience

*Focuses on thought processes in learning.

Front 3

Principles of Learning

Back 3

Identify specific things that influence learning, and the effect the things have.

Front 4

Theories of Learning

Back 4

Provide explanations about the underlying mechanisms in learning.

Front 5

Adjustment

Back 5

To come to terms with.

A skill not a condition

Front 6

Lewins Theory

Back 6

interaction of a person with the environment.

Front 7

Piaget's Four Stages of Development
Stage One -
---Sensorimotor Thought---

Back 7

Birth - 2

Infants knowledge of the world is based on sense and motor skills.

Front 8

Piaget's Four Stages of Development
Stage Two -
---Preoperational Thought---

Back 8

2-6

Child learns how to use symbols such as words and numbers, to represent aspects of the world.

Front 9

Piaget's Four Stages of Development
Stage Three -
---Concrete Operational Thought---

Back 9

7-11
Child understands and applies logic to experiences, but are focused on the here and now.

Front 10

Piaget's Four Stages of Development
Stage Four

---Formal Operational Thought---

Back 10

Adolescence - Beyond

Think abstractly, about whats out there/possible.

Front 11

Vygotsky

Back 11

- Apprenticeship in thinking
-Guided participation
-Scaffolded instruction

Front 12

Self- Efficacy

Back 12

People are more likely to engage in certain behaviors when they believe they can do them successfully.

Front 13

Social Learning Theory

Back 13

Learning by observation and modeling

Front 14

Operant Conditioning Principle

Back 14

A response that is followed by a reinforcer is strengthened, and more likely to reoccur.

Front 15

Primary Reinforcer

Back 15

One that satisfies a biological need.

Front 16

Secondary Reinforcer

Back 16

A previously neutral stimulus that has become reinforced through repeated association with another reinforcer.

Front 17

Positive Reinforcement

Back 17

Adding a stimulus after a response, that results in an increase of that response.


aka.. adding something so that the behavior happens again

Front 18

Negative Reinforcement

Back 18

Removing something that may increase the behavior.

May be by escape or avoidance.

Ex:
-Giving into begging
-Hurrying home to get outta cold
-Putting on sun screen

Front 19

Extrinsic Reinforcers

Back 19

getting a social response or favored activity

Front 20

Intrinsic

Back 20

feeling good

Front 21

Premack Principle

Back 21

Any act likely to be performed can reinforce a behavior less likely to be performed.

aka. doing something so that a behavior you normally don't do is enforced.

Front 22

Punishment + 2 types

Back 22

Stimulus that decreases the frequency of a response it follows.

1. Presentation of a stimulus
you can do ____ if you stop that
2. Removal of stimulus
I'll take ____away if you don't stop!

Front 23

Rule Governed Behavior

Back 23

Rules of conduct people develop through experiences and things taught by others.

Front 24

Fixed Ratio

Back 24

Reinforced after a fixed number

Front 25

Variable Ratio

Back 25

Reinforced after a varied number

Front 26

Fixed Interval

Back 26

Reinforced after a fixed time

Front 27

Variable Interval

Back 27

Reinforced after varied time