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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State the general function of the respiratory system? pg.152
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-breathing
-gas exchange -entrance of air into the body |
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State the pathway of the respiratory system including nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx? pg.152
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Nose-Nostrils, turbinates,(nasopharynx), Mouth-Palate, uvula (oropharynx),Pharynx, larynx, trachea, Carina, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
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State the function of the turbinates in the nasal cavity? pg.153
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Help maintain laminar (smooth) flow
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Describe the structure and funciton of the larynx and the speaking mechanism? pg. 153
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-beginning of the lower airway
-consists of several sections of cartilage -2 pairs of ligaments form the vocal cords -vibration of true cords produce sound and speech -True vocal cords & the opening between them is glottis |
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State the roles of the visceral and parietal pleura in respiration? pg. 153
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Plarietal-pleural membrane that lines the cavity (rib cage)
Visceral-pleural membrane that covers the lungs -work together to help maintain normal expansion & contraction of the lung |
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State the changes in air pressure within the thoracic cavity during respiration? pg.159
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During exhalation, the diaphragm contracts (moves inferiorly) creating a negative pressure in the chest cavity. The negative pressure results in air being sucked in & filling the lungs. Air is expired when the lung tissue collapses because of its natural elasticity. Exhalation is a passive process & normally requires no muscular effort.
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Explain the diffusion of gases in external & internal respiration? pg.157
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Diffusion is the process by which a gas dissolves in a liquid. At the alveolocapillary membrane, the alveolus & RBC are located very close together allowing diffusion of O2 & CO2 to occur. O2 is "offloaded" into tissues & CO2 and waste are loaded into the blood stream. CO2 is breathed out into the atmosphere.
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Describe how O2 & CO2 are transported in the blood. pg. 156
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O2 moves from the alveolus to the hemoglobin molecule of the RBC. CO2 flows from the blood into the alveolus
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Explain the nervous & chemical mechanisms that regulate respiration? pg.158
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-Main respiratory stimulus is accumulation of CO2 in the blood. Measured as PaCO2 on the arterial blood gases.
+CO2 -pH +ventilations -CO2 +pH -ventilations -Low blood O2 stimulates breathing but w/less of an effect. -Medulla oblongata=controls process of respiration |
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Explain how respiration affects the pH of certain body fluids? pg. 157
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Main respiratory stimuls is accumulation of CO2 in the blood. Increase in PaCO2=decreased pH which triggers increase in ventilation. Decrease in PaCO2 result in increased pH and decreased ventilations
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Discuss the relevance of understanding the function & structure of the respiratory system to conditions commonly found in the field? pg.156
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Individuals w/ reversible (Asthma) and progressive, irreversible airway diseases (Emphysema-COPD, Black lung, Asbestos, Chronic Bronchitis) demonstrate abnormalities of pulmonary function. Residual volume is increased & FEVI (forced expiratory vital capacity) is decreased indicating obstructive lung disease & decrease in vital capacity.
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