Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Motivation Hierarchy
|
Internal Motives- Needs; Cognition, Emotions External Motives |
|
|
How do we measure motivation?
|
Behavior Engagement Sociology and Brain Activations Self Repore |
|
|
What is a Theory?
|
An intellectual framework used to identify and explain the relationship among naturally occurring phenomena |
|
|
What is Motivation Theory?
|
|
|
|
What is a Motive?
|
An internal process that energizes and directs behavior
|
|
|
The two ways to infer motivation in another person
|
~Observe motivation behavioral events ~Pay close attention to the antecedents(thing) known to give rise to motivational states |
|
|
What is Engagement?
|
Refers to the behavioral intensity, emotional quality, and personal investment during an activity
|
|
|
What is Behavioral Engagement?
|
|
|
|
What is Emotional Engagement? |
The person's activity is characterized by positive emotion
|
|
|
What is Cognitive Engagement?
|
|
|
|
Voice (Extent of Engagement) |
|
|
|
Hulls Drive Theory Equation
|
Energy=Drive x Habit x Incentive motive |
|
|
3 Fundamental Assumptions of Drive Theory |
~Energizes Behavior ~Drive Reduction was reinforcing and producing learning |
|
|
The descriptions and Functions of the Brain Lobes
|
Parietal Lobe : Movement Temporal Lobe : Language and Memory Occipital Lobe : Sight |
|
|
Describe Dopamine
|
It's not a reward but the anticipation of a reward |
|
|
When is Testosterone most likely? |
During competition and motivation |
|
|
Describe Oxytocin
|
The bonding hormone which has more of an effect of females than males |
|
|
What is an Incentive? |
An external event that energizes and directs approach or avoidance behavior
|
|
|
What is Pavlovian Learning?
|
Classical Conditioning: Stimulus ----> Response
|
|
|
What is the US, UR, CS, CR of Classical Conditioning?
|
UR: Unconditioned Response CS: Conditioned Stimulus CR: Conditioned Response |
|
|
The professor walks in puts his hands to his mouth and whistles scaring the class. He does it again and again louder and louder but the last time he just places his hand in his mouth as if he was going to whistle. What is the US, UR, CS, CR?
|
US: Whistle UR: The class jumps or flinches CS: Hand in mouth CR: Flinches |
|
|
What are the Principles of Classical Conditioning?
|
Discrimination Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Counterconditioning Chaining or higher order conditioning |
|
|
Definition and give an example of Generalization
|
The tendency for the conditioned stimulus to bring similar responses after the responses has been conditioned Ex. Opening up a can of cat food for your cat---> the cat comes to the familiar sound of the can opening |
|
|
Define and give an example of Discrimination
|
Ex. When I open up the cat food ---> cat comes When SOMEONE ELSE opens the cat food ---> cat does not come |
|
|
Define and give an example of Extinction
|
Repeated exposure to the CS without the US Ex. Opening the cat food treats (the sound of the can) the cat comes every time and receives the food. Now every time the cat hears the sound she knows there's snacks. When you stop giving the cat treats even when the sounds of the food happens, eventually the cat will learn not to get excited of anticipation of food every time the noise appears |
|
|
Define and give an example of Spontaneous Recovery
|
Spontaneous occurrence of preconditioned response Ex. When you open a cat food snack and the cat spontaneously comes to you even after repeatedly hearing the sound followed by no food given previously. The cat is intrigued . |
|
|
What is Counterconditioning
|
The conditioning of an unwanted behavior or response to a stimulus into a wanted behavior or response |
|
|
What is Chaining or Higher order Conditioning
|
A chain of CS that triggers memories of the first CS; a sequence of past experiences |
|
|
What is Operant Conditioning? |
Behavior is sensitive to or controlled by its consequences Response ----> Stimulus |
|
|
What are the Operant Contingencies?
|
Appetitive: Thing you like Aversive: Things you don't like Application: To apply Removal: To get rid of |
|
|
What is a Positive Reinforcement?
|
Changes the probability of something happening again |
|
|
What is a Negative Reinforcement?
|
Avoidance of something or removal of it |
|
|
The four Schedules of Reinforcement |
Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Variable Interval |
|
|
What is a Fixed Ratio?
|
Reinforcement only occurs after a fixed number of responses Ex. The car dealer has to sell 5 cars no matter how long to get his bonus |
|
|
What is a Fixed Interval?
|
The reinforcement occurs after a consistent amount of time has passed Ex. The car salesmen receives a paycheck every 2 weeks as long as he sells 1 car. The paycheck is the Fixed Interval |
|
|
What is a Variable Ratio?
|
The reinforcement is delivered after a average number of direct responses has occurred Ex. The Car salesmen receives a bonus every 5 cars to get the first bonus 3 cars to get the second bonus until he receives 5 bonuses for any amount of car. However, he never knows when the bonuses are coming, he just knows he need to sell to get it. *Think of a slot machine
|
|
|
What is Variable Interval
|
The responses are reinforced after a variable amount of time has passed Ex. The supervisor randomly showing up to give the salesmen his bonus, as long as he's seen actively talking to a customer he will get the bonus. Since the salesman never knows when the supervisor is dropping by, the salesman must constantly engage with customers to get the bonus |
