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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Self-control: |
The ability to forego small immediatereinforcers in favor of larger, delayed reinforcers. Delayed gratification |
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Ainslie-RachlinTheory: |
The value of a reinforcer decreases as the delay increase. The individual chooses whatever reinforcer has the highest value at the time the decision is made. |
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DelayDiscounting |
Choosingan incentive at that moment or an increased incentive at a later time. |
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Indifferencepoint: |
Everyonehas a tipping point where they may switch their choice, depending on thequality of incentive and how long of time the incentive is away. |
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Big effects of context: |
Varies across situations. Varies across individuals (Elder people willing to wait longer for increased incentives)
When looking at both goals at that moments, you are more likely to choose the bigger reward. But introducing a delay for the larger goal diminishes its value |
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TragedyOf the commons: |
The tendency tosacrifice the good of society (which includes oneself) for personal profit orconvenience. Choosing the option that seems to have more value now. (Water grass everyday to have green grass and look nice, going through a drought) |
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Marshmallow experiment. |
Children mimic adults in making either impulsive choices or exhibiting self-control Self intructions gives observers access to inner thoughts Self-control iscorrelated positively with: Age, IQ, Presence of Father, Quality of relationship with mother |
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Ways to Improve Self-control |
-Takingresponsibility (internal locus of control) -Shaping: -Reinforcement -Punishment -SelectiveThinking/Attention -Pre-commitment -Enlist socialsupport |
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Internal Locusof Control |
-Taking responsibility of your actions |
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Shaping: takingbaby steps |
-itis unrealistic to stay focused on thebig goal -breakit up into smaller, achievable steps -Bybreaking things up it allows it to become easier to shape. |
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Reinforcements |
the value of theimportant delayed goal through mental imagery Thinkabout it more Adda reinforcer to the delayed goal Cognitivelyincrease: Increaseits importance to you Decreasethe value of the immediate reinforcer by adding punishment |
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pre-commitment |
to the moreimportant goal. Committingto either the smaller distractor or to the bigger goal. Improveself control by deciding on rewards/punishments, well in advance of thedelivery of either reinforcer and setting them up so that they cannot bechanged easily. |
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Enlist socialsupport: |
Cognitively increase: rally the troopsKeepthose who will support you |
