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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of community acquired pneumonia?
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1. atypical
2. typical |
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What are the 3 diagnostic tests for PNA?
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CXR
gram stain C&S |
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Will viral pneumonia show up on CXR? What would it look like?
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Sometimes. It would look diffuse.
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How would you treat hospital acquired pneumonia differently than CAP?
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You would treat with broad spectrum abx BEFORE getting culture results.
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What is capnography? What does it look like and what does it test.
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It detects expired CO2 and is something you breath out into.
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What is capnography commonly used for?
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Seeing if a endotracheal tube is placed correctly in the lung.
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What technology does capnography use?
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Infared light.
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Is alveolar or arterial CO2 higher? By how much?
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arterial
1-2 mmHg |
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What is the first sign of cystic fibrosis in children (before you even go to the doctor)?
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The parents taste salt when they kiss their children.
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What is the essential pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?
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They have trouble transporting sodium and chloride across the epithelial membrane.
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What area of sx is cystic fibrosis named for?
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The pancreas
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Why may cystic fibrosis result in osteoporosis?
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Poor uptake of vitamin D in the intestine.
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What are the three most common microbiological causes of infection in cystic fibrosis?
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Staphlococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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What percent of people carry the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis?
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4%
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Which demographic has the highest rate of cystic fibrosis?
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Caucasions
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Above what amount of blood loss in hemoptysis is classified as massive blood loss.
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200 mL/day of blood
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What vessels would be leaking ins mall volume hemoptysis?
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pulmonary circulation because it is lower pressure
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What vessels would be leaking in large volume hemoptysis? why?
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pulmonary circulation because it is higher pressure and that blood may leak into damaged airways.
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Is sputum in hemoptysis alkaline or acidic?
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alkaline
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WHat is the most common cause of hemoptysis?
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Infection
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Which are the most common pathogens that cause hemoptysis?
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Invasive bacteria like staphlococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. But also especially aggressive virulent viruses or fungi.
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What kind of fungi can especially cause hemoptysis?
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Aspergillus.
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What kind of medication increases the risk of hemoptysis?
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anticoagulants
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What is the most common causes of bronchiectasis?
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Infection.
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What disease is that is the most common cause of death in bronchiectasis?
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Cystic fibrosis
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What part of the bronchi are affected by bronchiectasis?
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The medium sized bronchi.
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What are some of the pathophysiological manifestations of bronchiectasis?
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Dilated, mucus filled bronchi.
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What is the main microorganism responsible for morbidity in bronchiectasis?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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How does cystic fibrosis lead to bronchiectasis?
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the thick mucous is the perfect place for things like pseudomonas aerugulis colonization.
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What physical directional change occurs in the bronchial arteries during inflammation? What does this predispose people to?
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The arteries become tortuous. This predisposes them to hemorrhage.
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Which lung zone does cystic fibrosis usually affect?
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The upper lung zone
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What is an episode of bronchiectasis usually preceded by?
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a viral upper respiratory infection
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Why would bronchovesicular sounds disappear on lung auscultation?
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the rhonchi are absorbing the turbulence of the sounds.
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Where are bronchovesicular sounds usually heard?
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At the main bronchi.
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What does Murphy's sign test for?
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Cholecystitis
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What kind of predictive value does Murphy's sign have?
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Negative predictive value.
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What is negative predictive value?
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If the exam is negative, it is most likely correct,
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What is borborygmi?
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normal gurgling sounds in the abdomen.
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What does the sound of a bruit come from?
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Blood rushing past an obstruction.
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What is atypical pneumonia?
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Pneumonia that only affects the interstitium. It produces none of the typical symptoms and is often called walking pneumonia.
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