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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Punishment
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form of conditioning that can eliminate unwanted behavior by the use of an aversive event contingent upon the occurrence of the unwanted response
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Positive punishment
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delivery of a physically or psychologically painful event following the occurrence of an unwanted behavior
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Negative punishment (omission training)
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loss of positive reinforcement due to the occurrence of an unwanted behavior.
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Two types of negative punishment
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response cost and time out
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response cost
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withdrawal of positive reinforcement when an unwanted response occurs
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time out
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period of time during which reinforcement for responding is unavailable.
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three factors making punishment effective
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severity
consistency contiguity |
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Severity effect
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Mild punishment produces little, if any, suppression of the punished response. An extremely strong punishing event is more likely to produce complete suppression of a punished behavior in both humans and nonhumans.
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Consistency effect
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For nonhumans and humans, punishment is more effective when it is administered in a consistent manner than when it is administered intermittently
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Contiguity effect
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In nonhumans and humans, punishment is more effective when it occurs immediately after the completion of the unwanted behavior than if the punishing event is delayed for a time
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Pain-Induced Aggression
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Punishment often leads to aggressive behavior. At least in humans, such pain-induced aggression apparently occurs because punishment elicits anger, and anger leads to aggression
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Modeling of agression
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children tend to use the same type of punishment that they have received. In addition, children often model punishment that is delivered to them, and there is a correlation between the use of punishment by parents and the level of aggressive behavior in their children.
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CER theory punishment
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punishment reduces the rate of ongoingbehaviors - all behaviors not just the behavior beingpunished
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