Learning And Motivation

Front 1

Herman Ebbinghaus

Back 1

Studied Human memory

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Blind design

Back 2

Participant doesn't know the hypothesis being tested or whether they are a party of the experiment or control group

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Double blind design

Back 3

Neither the experimenter or the participant knows the group assignment (helps with experimenter bias)

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IV

Back 4

Variable that is being manipulated by the researcher

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DV

Back 5

The variable that is being measured

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Classical condition

Back 6

Organism responds with condition or learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been presented with an unconditioned stimulus repeatedly... ex dog and bell =Food

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Generalization

Back 7

Animals will transfer what is learned about one stimulus to another, similar stimulus

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Instrumental condition

Back 8

Behavior instrumental in determining whether the consequences occur.. AKA operant conditioning behavior either increases or decreases depending on whether there is punishment or reward

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Law of effect

Back 9

Behavior increases when consequences desirable, and decreases when the consequence is undesirable

Front 10

Edward Tolman

Back 10

Studied Neo-behaviorism through the use of rats

Also studied latent learning

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Insight learning

Back 11

Times of learning where it goes from not knowing the answer to a question to suddenly knowing it and knowing it from there on out

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George Miller

Back 12

Focused on information theory.. magical #7 +/-2 best remember a list of 7 items +/-2

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Thalamus

Back 13

Receives sensory info from PNS and relays into brain- a gateway for almost all sensory information

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Basal ganglia

Back 14

Group of structures important for planning and producing skilled movements (throwing ball, touching nose)

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Hippocampus

Back 15

Important for learning new info about facts or autobiographical events

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Amygdala

Back 16

Adds emotional content to memories

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Cerebral cortex

Back 17

Outermost layer, has 2 hemispheres each divided into 4 regions

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Dendrites

Back 18

Input areas that receive signals from the neurons

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Cell body (soma)

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Integrates these signals from the dendrites

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Axons

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Transmits info to the other neurons

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Neurotransmitters

Back 21

Important in sending & receiving information

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Semantic memory

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Knowledge of facts and info

Known info but don't know WHERE learned

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Episodic memory

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Memories that were eventful and can be easily recalled

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Free recall

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More difficult method and it must generate info from memory

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Cued recall

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Less difficult and requires prompt

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Recognition

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The least difficult and requires picking out the answer

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Agnosia

Back 27

Disruption of ability to process particular kind of info

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Cortical plasticity

Back 28

A neurons receptive field can change as a result of retreated exposure, these changes affect topographic map

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Basal forebrain

Back 29

A collection of structures that lie at the base of the forebrain and are important in the production of acetylcholine That is distributed throughout the brain

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Habituation

Back 30

Can decrease behavioral response after repeated exposure...

it is Stimulus specific

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Sensitization

Back 31

Exposure to stimulis can increase response

It is not stimulus specific

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Priming

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Prior exposure to a stimulus can improve your ability to recognize that stimulus later

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Frontal lobe

Back 33

Front of the brain

Helps plan and perform actions

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Parietal lobe

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Top of the brain

Helps field difference between items and objects

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Occipital lobe

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Back Of the brain

Allows you to see and recognize the world

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Temporal lobe

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Sides of the brain

Enables you to hear and remember

Language auditory processing and for learning new facts, forming new memories of events

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Cerebellum

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Brain region lying below the cerebral cortex in the back of the head, responsible for the regulation and coordination of complex voluntary muscular movement

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Brain stem

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A group of structures that connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord and plays key roles in regulating automatic functions such as breathing and body temp

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Primary auditory cortex

Back 39

A1

For sound, in the temporal lobe

Front 40

Primary somatosensory cortex

Back 40

S1

For sensations from skin to eternal organs

in the parietal lobe

Front 41

Primary visual cortex

Back 41

V1, for sight

Occipital lobe

Front 42

Primary motor cortex

Back 42

M1 generates coordinated movements

In the frontal lobe