Learning And Memory: Individual Differences

Front 1

What are dunce flies and amnesic flies?

Back 1

Dunce flies: inability to discriminate
Amnesic flies: learn but quickly forget

Front 2

Doogie mice are?

Back 2

Mice who were fertilized with DNA associated with increased hippocampal receptors

These mice were exceptional learners

Front 3

Associative memory compared to what other memory span did monozygotic twins show as being heritable?

Back 3

Digit span = Associative memory was seen as heritable

Front 4

Learning and memory are studied how?

Back 4

Learning: classical condition, habitual procedures

Memory: episodic - 1 trial procedures: of recall and recognition

Front 5

Name two studies where prenatal learning occured?

Back 5

Playing music and sing relaxation techniques resulted in calmer in utero babies when music was played

Baby rats exposed to illness inducing apple juice in utero showed aversion to AJ as pups

Front 6

How well did participants over age 70 respond to conditioning?

Back 6

only 20 to 30 percent of success..

in other words not well

Front 7

Method of showing learning, by Bauer, of young infant memory?

Back 7

Elicited imitation

set of action where shown by researcher then is allowed for child to repeat

Front 8

What differentiates younger and older children in terms of memory capacity?

Back 8

Capacity if effected due to limited working memory, therefore limiting ability to retain elaborate and integrate information in LTM

Front 9

Reasons why young children differ in learning than adults

Back 9

Encoding difference (emotional vs. verbal)
Capacity
Knowledge (preexisting allows more associations to occur)
Strategies (lack of)
Metamemory (knowledge of memory)
Autobiographical memory (knowledge is recorded a self recognition)

Front 10

Reasons why older adults show deficits in memory?

Back 10

Capacity: (cognitive slowing)
Metamemory (differing/Inaccurate strategies, belief of old age amnesia)
Non cognitive deficits (performance ability, mood, medication)

Front 11

Individual's with William Syndrome show cognitive deficits in what type of learning?

Back 11

VisuoSpatial tasks such as creating shapes

Front 12

Cause for Learning Disabilities?

Back 12

Deficiencies in Rehearsal and encoding strategies in semantic memory

Front 13

Deficiency in what memory correlates with math and learning disabilities?

Back 13

Working memory

Front 14

A cause for mnemonist like skills

Back 14

synesthesia

Front 15

Women have been recorded to be statistically better at what tasks?

Back 15

Word recall and recognition
learning new facts
recognizing new faces and names

Front 16

How have hormones effected memory tasks?

Back 16

Estrogen: working memory
Testosterone: spatial tasks

Front 17

Reasons for gender differences in memory?

Back 17

Hormones
Socialization
interest levels
self handicapping

Front 18

Difference in trait and state anxiety?

Back 18

Trait anxiety: stable personality trait
State anxiety: situational anxiety

Front 19

How does anxiety affect memory, there are 3 theories?

Back 19

Increased arousal limits amount of available capacity of working memory

Impair encoding and retrieval abilities

Biases in how events are perceived and interpreted

Front 20

Describe the difference in the visual-verbalizer dimension

Back 20

A preference for spatial, visual presentation, visual cognition versus verbal tasks

Front 21

What are the "Kolb" dimensions of learning styles?

Back 21

1st dimension: Concrete vs. Abstract experiences

2nd dimension: Reflection vs. Active Experimentation

Front 22

What are the "Sternburg" styles of learning?

Back 22

Analytical
Creative
Practical

Front 23

Two ways oral traditions are remembered?

Back 23

Outline of story is remembered

Recall of past "retelling" of the story

Front 24

What cultures excelled in Spatial Recall?

Back 24

Hunter-Gatherer Cultures