Learning And Memory Ch 11.

Front 1

what are the 4 factor's that determine whether imitative behavior will occur?

Back 1

1. Attentional processes

2. Retentional processes

3. motor reproductive processes

4. incentive and motivational processes

Front 2

in the peak procedure, if an animal's responses are sometimes reinforced 20 seconds after the start of a trial, the rate of responding peaks at about_____ from the start of the trial.

Back 2

20 seconds.

Front 3

2 species that have demonstrated the ability to count by using words or symbols to represent numbers are the______ and the ______.

Back 3

Parrot and chimpanzee

Front 4

grouping similar objects together as a strategy for improving memory is called?

Back 4

Chunking.

Front 5

When the chimpanzee Washoe was taught sign language, she learned the signs for many words, but she showed little ability to use____.

Back 5

Grammar or consistent word order.

Front 6

______ is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are not visible.

Back 6

Object permanence.

Front 7

Metacognition:

Back 7

metacognition is thinking about one's thinking. It is the ability to reflect on one's memories and thought processes and make judgments about them.

Front 8

DMTS It's a procedure used to study_____ memory.

Back 8

Short term or working memory.

Front 9

When the presentation of new material interferes with the memory of something learned earlier, this is called__?

Back 9

retroactive interference.

Front 10

If a surprising event occurs soon after a classical conditioning trial, this will result in______ conditioning that would have occurred without the surprising event.

Back 10

Less.

Front 11

If an animal seems to have forgotten some new learning, it is sometimes possible for the animal to recover the learning is given a____.

Back 11

reminder, or clue

Front 12

In _____, the S- is introduced early in training, and it is presented in a way that makes it unlikely that the learner will respond to it.

Back 12

errorless discrimination learning.

Front 13

A Robin would be called a______ example of a bird, whereas an ostrich would be called a______ example.

Back 13

Central, peripheral

Front 14

to provide convincing evidence that an animal has learned a natural concept such as fish, it is essential to include _____ as test stimuli.

Back 14

Examples never seen before.

Front 15

Treating all the examples and a category as being interchangeable, even the examples that were placed in the category at random, is called?

Back 15

stimulus equivalence

Front 16

in some cases, a person may have difficulty studying in a particular location because that location is associated with__?

Back 16

many behaviors other than studying

Front 17

Lashley and Wade proposed that generalization gradients were the result of experience, and without discrimination training, animals would show_____ generalization gradients.

Back 17

Flat

Front 18

In ____ training, one stimulus serves as a S+ and another stimulus on the same dimension service as a S-.

Back 18

intradimensional

Front 19

in the phenomenon of peak shift, the peak of the generalization shifts from the S+ in the direction_____the S-.

Back 19

away from

Front 20

results from the intermediate size problem favored the_____ theory of stimulus control.

Back 20

Relational

Front 21

suppose an animal 1st receives reinforcers for responding in the presence of either blue or yellow stimuli, but then the schedule for the yellow stimulus switches to extinction. We would expect responding in the presence of the blue stimulus to_______, which is called_______ behavioral contrast.

Back 21

Increase, positive

Front 22

who proposed that experience is necessary for typical gradients to occur?

Back 22

Lashley and Wade