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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is Ivan Pavlov?
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A physiologist studying digestion.
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Reflexes that are hereditary, permanent and occur in all members of a species.Food causes salivation.
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Unconditional reflexes
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Reflexes that are aquired and can be lost through experience, vary across members of species and are temporary. Sound causes salivation
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Conditioned reflexes
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The response elicited by an unconditional stimulus
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Unconditional response
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The stimulus that elicits an unconditional response
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Unconditional stimulus
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The response part of a conditional reflex, the response elicited by a conditional stimulus
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Conditional response
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The stimulus part of a conditional reflex, the stimulus that elicits a conditional response
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Conditional stimulus
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A variation of Pavlovian conditioning in which a stimulus is paired, not with a US, but with a well-established CS
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Higher-order conditioning
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In Pavlovian conditioning, the procedure of presenting the CS on some occasions without the US to determine whether learning has occurred
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Test trials
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The tendency of a neutral stimulus to elicit a CR when presented after a US has elicited a reflex response. Due to sensitization
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Pseudoconditioning
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A Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which the CS begins and ends before the US is presented
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Trace conditioning
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A Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which the CS starts before, and then overlaps with, the US
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Delayed conditioning
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A Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which the CS and US occur together in time
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Simultaneous conditioning
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A Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which the US precedes the CS
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Backward conditioning
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A dependency between events. An event may be dependent on the appearance of a stimulus or dependent on the appearance of a behavior
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Contigency
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Nearness of events in time or space
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Contiguity
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The interval between the CS and US, a measure of contiguity in Pavlovian conditioning
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Unterstimulus interval (ISI)
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Failure of a stimulus that is part of a compound stimulus to become a CS.
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Overshadowing
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Failure of a stimulus to become a CS, when it is part or a compound stimulus that inculdes an effective CS
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Blocking
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In Pavlovian conditioning, the failure of a CR to appear as a result of prior presentation of the CS in the absence of the US
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Latent inhibition
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A procedure in which two neutral stimuli are paired, after which one is repeatedly paired with a US. If the other stimulus is then presented alone, it may elicit a CR even though it was never paired with the US
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Sensory preconditioning
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In Pavlovian conditioning, the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US
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Extinction
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The sudden reappearance of a behavior following its extinction
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Spontaneous recovery
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In Pavlovian conditioning, the theory that the CS substitutes for the US. Assumes that the CR is essentially the same as the UR.
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Stimulus-substitution theory
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A theory of Pavlovian conditioning based on the assumption that the amount of learning that can occur on a particular trial is limited by the nature of the CS and US and the amount of learning that has already occurred.
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Rescorla-Wagner Model
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An emotional response to a stimulus that is aquired through Pavlovian conditioning
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Conditioned emotional response
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The use of Pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of prior conditioning
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Counterconditioning
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Any of several forms of counterconditioning in which a person is gradually exposed to a feared stimulus
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Exposure Therapy
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A procedure for treating pho-bias in which a person imagines preogressivelu stranger forms of the frightening CS while relaxed. It is a form of counterconditioning
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Systematic desensitization
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A form of counterconditioning in which a CS is paired with an aversive US, often nausea-inducing drugs
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Aversion therapy
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An aversion, acquired through Pavlovian conditioning, to foods with a particular flavor
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Conditioned taste aversion
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