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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Active Stretching |
Stretches performed by a sports performer on their own. The performer applies force to stretch and lengthen the muscles. |
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Adaptation |
Changes made within the body to increase its ability to cope with training loads. |
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Aerobic |
Using oxygen. |
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Aerobic Endurance |
The ability of the cardiorespiratory system to work efficiently, supplying nutrients and oxygen to working muscles during sustained physical activity. |
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Agility |
The ability to move quickly and precisely or change direction without losing balance or time. |
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Aims |
What you want to achieve in your session or by the end of the training programme. |
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Anaerobic |
Not dependent on oxygen. |
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Anaerobic Exercise |
Exercise that doesn't use oxygen as the main way of releasing energy. |
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Balance |
The ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support. There are two types: static balance and dynamic balance. |
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Ballistic Stretching |
Involves making fast, jerky movements, usually in the form of bouncing or bobbing through the full range of movement. |
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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
Method used for measuring body composition. |
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Body Composition |
The relative ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (vital organs, muscle, bone) in the body. |
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Cardiorespiratory System |
A combination of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. |
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Circuit Training |
Moving from one exercise to another at a series of stations. |
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Consent Form |
Used to obtain permission to participate in a physical activity session. |
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Continuous Training |
Training method that involves keeping a steady pace over a long distance. |
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Coordination |
The ability of parts of the body to work together to move smoothly and accurately. |
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Dynamic Balance |
Maintaining balance whilst in motion. |
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Dynamic Stretching |
Performing activities that are similar to the sporting movements and will be needed during a game or event. |
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Elastic Strength |
Ability of a muscle to contract quickly and overcome resistance. |
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Fartlek Training |
Swedish training method involving a variety of intensities and terrains. |
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FITT Principle |
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type. |
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Flexibility |
Having an adequate range of motion in all joints of the body. |
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Free Weights |
A weight that is not attached to another machine or device. |
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Frequency |
The number of training sessions you complete over a period of time. |
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Heart Rate |
The number of times the heart beats per minute. |
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Heart Rate Training Zone |
The lower and upper heart rate you should be training between. |
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Individual differences/needs |
Each individual's different ability levels, goals, physical attributes, medical history and training activity preferences. |
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Intensity |
How hard you are working. |
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Interval Training |
Training method that involves alternating work periods with rest and recovery periods. |
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Isometric |
Muscular action in which tension develops but there is no change in muscle length and no joint movement. |
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Maximal Fitness Test |
Requires the participant to make an 'all-out' maximal effort. |
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Muscular Endurance |
The ability of muscles to contract over a period of time against a light to moderate fixed-resistance load. |
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Nomogram |
Special chart used to process data and obtain the correct units of measurement for the interpretation of test results. |
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Normative Data Table |
Data table that presents the usual results given from testing a specific group of people. |
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Passive Stretching |
Requires another person or object applying an external force, which causes the muscle to stretch. |
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Plyometric |
Training that develops sport-specific explosive power and strength. |
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Power |
The work done in a unit of time. It is calculated in the following way: Power = Force (kg) x Distance (m) / Time (min or s). |
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Practicality |
How easy a fitness test is to carry out in terms of the costs involved, time available and equipment requirements. |
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Principles of Training |
Factors that you must take into account to ensure that your training will be successful. |
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Progressive Overload |
Increasing your training workload gradually so that your body keeps adapting. |
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Proprioceptive Neuromuscluar Facilitation (PNF) |
An advanced form of passive stretching that inhibits the stretch reflex that occurs when a muscle is stretched to its full capability, so that an even greater range of movement can occur.
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Reaction Time |
Time taken for a sports performer to respond to a stimulus. |
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Reliability |
Consistency of fitness test results. |
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Repetition Maximum (1-RM) |
The maximal force that can be exerted by a muscle or muscle group in a single contraction. |
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Repetitions |
The number of times you perform a single exercise such as a biceps curl; often abbreviated to 'reps' |
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Rest and Recovery |
Time to allow the body to repair and adapt, and for the renewal of body tissues. |
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Reversibility |
The reversal of training effects if you stop training, or the intensity of training is not sufficient to cause adaptation. Also known as de-training. |
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Sets |
A group of repetitions; for example, an experienced strength trainer may complete three sets of six reps. |
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Skill |
Something that we learn how to do. |
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Specificity |
How specific training is to the individual's preferred sport, activity, or physical/skill-related fitness goals. |
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Speed |
Distance divided by the time taken, measured in metres per second (m/s) |
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Spotter |
A person who watches/helps a participant during a particular weight training exercise. |
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Static Balance |
Maintaining balance in a stationary position. |
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Static Stretching |
Slowly stretching a muscle to the limit of its range of movement and then holding the stretch still for 10 to 20 seconds. |
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Strength Endurance |
A muscle's ability to perform a maximum contraction and repeat over a long period of time. |
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Submaximal |
Exercising below an individual's maximal level of physical effort. |
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Submaximal Fitness Test |
Fitness test in which the participant performs the test at less than their maximal effort. |
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Time |
How long you train for. |
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Validity |
The accuracy of the fitness test results. |
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Variation |
Variety in your training programme to prevent boredom and maintain enjoyment. |
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VO2 Max |
The maximum amount of oxygen uptake. |