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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synonym |
a word with the same meaning as another word in the same language ⇨ antonym |
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Anonymous |
the anonymous author of a collection of poems the anonymous donor of a large sum of money |
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Author |
1. someone who has written a book SYN writer: Nothomb is a Belgian author. author of He was the author of two books on China. It’s clear that the author is a woman. |
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Poems |
a piece of writing that expresses emotions, experiences, and ideas, especially in short lines using words that ↑rhyme (=end with the same sound) poem about I decided to write a poem about how I felt. |
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Brief |
Short When you leave a voice message be brief |
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Available |
I'm sorry i'm not available to take your call You out or busy |
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felicity |
Felicity (n.): pleasing and appropriate manner or style (especially manner or style of expression). Synonym: felicitousness.
- state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. Synonym Definitions of felicity noun intense happiness. domestic felicity synonyms: happiness, joy, joyfulness, joyousness, bliss, delight, cheerfulness, contentedness, satisfaction, pleasure the ability to find appropriate expression for one's thoughts. speech that pleased by its accuracy, felicity, and fluency synonyms: eloquence, aptness, appropriateness, suitability, suitableness, applicability, fitness, relevance, pertinence Examples of FELICITY Every page of the book is studded with similar felicities but it would be wrong, says Carey, for him to take all the credit. |
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Indicate |
1. [transitive] to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true indicate (that) Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary. Long skid marks on the pavement indicated the driver had attempted to brake. The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime. 2. [transitive] to say or do something to make your wishes, intentions etc clear: The Russians have already indicated their willingness to cooperate. Professor Johnson has indicated his intention to retire at the end of next year. indicate (that) Ralph patted the sofa to indicate that she should join him. Please indicate your preference on the booking form. 3. [transitive] to direct someone’s attention to something or someone, for example by pointing: ‘That’s her,’ said Toby, indicating a girl on the other side of the room. 4. [transitive] to represent something: Sales targets are indicated on the graph by a vertical dotted line. 5. [intransitive and transitive] British English to show the direction in which you intend to turn in a vehicle, using lights or your hands SYN signal: |
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Recipient |
someone who receives something recipient of the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize |
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Motive |
1. the reason that makes someone do something, especially when this reason is kept hidden: What do you suppose the killer’s motive was? motive for (doing) something The police believe the motive for this murder was jealousy. motive behind The motives behind the decision remain obscure. The violence was clearly prompted by political motives. It’s not the kind of thing he’d do unless he had an ulterior motive (=a reason he kept hidden). 2. a ↑motif —motiveless adjective: an apparently motiveless killing • • • COLLOCATIONS ■ adjectives ▪ a strong motive Barbara had a strong motive for disliking Ben. ▪ the main motive The main motive for the killings seemed to be revenge. ▪ the prime/primary motive (=the main motive) Concern was her prime motive in visiting Mrs Green. ▪ a possible motive The police are still thinking about possible motives for the murders. ▪ a clear motive She had no clear motive to lie. ▪ a hidden motive She wondered if there was a hidden motive for his departure. ▪ an ulterior motive (=a hidden motive) Did you think I had an ulterior motive for coming here? ▪ sb’s real/true motive What were his true motives for offering her the job? ▪ an underlying motive (=a motive that is not directly stated) The treaty’s underlying motive was to make Japan a strong ally of the US. ▪ a political motive The murders might have a political motive. ▪ an economic motive Many people believed that there were economic motives to the decision to go to war. ▪ mixed motives He had mixed motives for joining the army: a desire to prove himself, but also the desire to get away from his family. ■ verbs ▪ have a motive Who might have had a motive for killing him? ▪ question/suspect sb’s motive (=think that someone might have selfish or dishonest reasons for doing something) They began to question the motives of the people who held positions of power. ▪ find/establish a motive So far the police have been unable to establish a motive for the murder. • • • THESAURUS ▪ reason why something happens, or why someone does something: What was the reason for the delay? | I don’t know the reason why he left his last job. ▪ explanation a set of reasons that helps you to understand why something happens, especially when it seems difficult to understand: There are various possible explanations for climate change. | Is there any explanation for his behavior? ▪ motive a reason that makes someone decide to do something – often used about crimes: Police say that there is no obvious motive for the attack. ▪ justification a good reason for doing something that seems wrong: There is never any justification for torture or abuse. | They try to use the situation in the Middle East as a justification for killing innocent civilians. | There’s no justification for this type of behaviour. ▪ grounds a reason that makes it right or fair to do something, especially according to legal, official, or moral rules: The court will decide if she has grounds for divorce. | They claim the war is justified on moral grounds (=because of moral reasons). ▪ basis the main ideas or reasons on which something is based: The doctor makes his decisions purely on the basis of clinical observation. | What do you think is the basis for this advice? ▪ rationale /ˌræʃəˈnɑːl $ -ˈnæl/ formal a set of reasons that are used to explain why someone does something in a particular way: the rationale behind the government’s economic reforms | This chapter explains the nature of yearly plans, and provides a rationale for their use. II. motive2 AC BrE AmE adjective [only before noun] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: motif, from Medieval Latin motivus, from Latin motus; ⇨ ↑motor1] technical the motive power or force for a machine, vehicle etc makes it move: Water provided the motive power for the mill. |
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Compare |
1. [transitive] to consider two or more things or people, in order to show how they are similar or different ⇨ comparison: The report compares the different types of home computer available. compare something/somebody with something/somebody The police compared the suspect’s fingerprints with those found at the crime scene. compare something/somebody to something/somebody Davies’ style of writing has been compared to Dickens’. compare and contrast (=an expression used when telling students to write about the things that are similar or different in works of literature or art) Compare and contrast the main characters of these two novels. 2. compared to/with something used when considering the size, quality, or amount of something in relation to something similar: a 20% reduction in burglary compared with last year Compared to our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace. 3. [intransitive] to be better or worse than something else compare (favourably/unfavourably) with something The quality of English wines can now compare with wines from Germany. How does life in Britain compare with life in the States? The imported fabric is 30% cheaper and compares favourably (=is as good) in quality. 4. something doesn’t/can’t compare (with something) if something does not compare with something else, it is not as good, large etc: The rides at the fair just can’t compare with the rides at Disneyland. 5. compare notes (with somebody) informal to talk to someone in order to find out if their experience of something is the same as yours: Leading scientists got together in Paris to compare notes on current research. • • • THESAURUS ▪ compare to consider two or more things or people, in order to show how they are similar or different: Scientists compared the results of both experiments. | The woman’s body was identified by comparing her teeth with dental records. ▪ make/draw a comparison to compare two or more things or people and say how they are similar: In her article, she makes a comparison between people’s lives now and 50 years ago. | It is possible to draw a comparison between the two poets’ work. ▪ draw an analogy to say that two situations are similar – a rather formal use: Some people have attempted to draw an analogy between America’s invasion of Iraq and the war in Vietnam. ▪ draw a parallel to say that some features of things are similar, especially things that are actually very different – a rather formal use: He draws a parallel between football and religion. | Parallels can be drawn between her work and that of Picasso. ▪ contrast verb [transitive] to compare two things, situations etc, in order to show how they are different from each other: In her novel she contrasts the lives of two families in very different circumstances. ▪ make/draw a distinction between to say that you think two things are very different: The author draws a distinction between allowing death to occur, and causing it. | It is important to make a distinction between people’s fears about crime and the amount of crime that really happens. ▪ measure somebody/something against somebody/something to compare two people or things, in order to judge which is better, bigger, etc: As a young actress, she was nervous of being measured against her famous father. | Murray’s progress is often measured against that of Nadal. II. compare2 BrE AmE noun beyond/without compare literary a quality that is beyond compare is the best of its kind: a beauty and an elegance beyond compare |
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Beneficial |
Useful having a good effect OPP detrimental: a drug that has a beneficial effect on the immune system beneficial to/for Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment. an arrangement that is mutually beneficial (=it has advantages for everyone who is involved) —beneficially adverb |
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Detrimental |
formal causing harm or damage SYN harmful, damaging detrimental to Smoking is detrimental to your health. the detrimental effect of pollution on the environment —detrimentally adverb • • • THESAURUS ▪ harmful causing physical harm – used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc: Smoking is harmful to your health. | drugs with harmful side-effects ▪ be bad for somebody/something to have a harmful effect on someone or something. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English when saying that something is harmful: Everyone knows that too much alcohol is bad for you. ▪ damaging used about things that cause permanent physical harm, or that have a bad effect in other ways, for example on people’s opinion of someone: Acid rain has a damaging effect on trees and the soil. | The allegations were very damaging to his career. | Constant criticism is damaging to a child’s self-esteem. ▪ detrimental formal causing harm or having a bad effect on something: Employers are worried that the new laws will have a detrimental effect on their business. | chemicals that are detrimental to the environment | policies that have been detrimental to the interests of old people ▪ negative a negative effect is one that is bad and causes problems: The car tax had a negative effect on car sales. | the negative impact of the recession in the US ▪ hazardous hazardous substances are likely to be dangerous to people’s health and safety: Hazardous waste needs to be disposed of safely. | hazardous chemicals ▪ toxic toxic substances, smoke etc are poisonous: toxic waste | toxic fumes | Toxic chemicals spilled into the river. ▪ pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs $ pər-/ formal used about something that has a gradual bad effect which is not easy to notice, especially on people’s morals, or on their health: the pernicious effects of violent video games | the pernicious effect of secondhand smoke |
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Harmful |
causing harm: the harmful effects of smoking harmful to chemicals that are harmful to the environment • • • THESAURUS ▪ harmful causing physical harm – used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc: Smoking is harmful to your health. | drugs with harmful side-effects ▪ be bad for somebody/something to have a harmful effect on someone or something. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English when saying that something is harmful: Everyone knows that too much alcohol is bad for you. ▪ damaging used about things that cause permanent physical harm, or that have a bad effect in other ways, for example on people’s opinion of someone: Acid rain has a damaging effect on trees and the soil. | The allegations were very damaging to his career. | Constant criticism is damaging to a child’s self-esteem. ▪ detrimental formal causing harm or having a bad effect on something: Employers are worried that the new laws will have a detrimental effect on their business. | chemicals that are detrimental to the environment | policies that have been detrimental to the interests of old people ▪ negative a negative effect is one that is bad and causes problems: The car tax had a negative effect on car sales. | the negative impact of the recession in the US ▪ hazardous hazardous substances are likely to be dangerous to people’s health and safety: Hazardous waste needs to be disposed of safely. | hazardous chemicals ▪ toxic toxic substances, smoke etc are poisonous: toxic waste | toxic fumes | Toxic chemicals spilled into the river. ▪ pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs $ pər-/ formal used about something that has a gradual bad effect which is not easy to notice, especially on people’s morals, or on their health: the pernicious effects of violent video games | the pernicious effect of secondhand smoke |
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Period |
LENGTH OF TIME a particular length of time with a beginning and an end: Tomorrow’s weather will be dry with sunny periods. period of His playing improved in a very short period of time. a brief period of silence The drug was tested over a five-week period. They adopted the system for a trial period (=time in which something is tested to see if it works well). 2. LIFE/HISTORY a particular time in someone’s life or in history ⇨ era: the conflict of the Cold War period Van Gogh’s early period the Jurassic period the behaviour of children during the period of adolescence 3. BLOOD the flow of blood that comes from a woman’s body each month ⇨ menstrual period: I was 12 years old when I started my periods. 4. MARK American English the mark (.) used in writing to show the end of a sentence or of an ↑abbreviation SYN full stop British English 5. SCHOOL one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into SYN lesson British English: What class do you have first period? period of a double period of Science 6. SPORTS one of the equal parts that a game is divided into in a sport such as ↑ice hockey: The Bruins scored twice in the first period. 7. FOR EMPHASIS period! American English spoken used to emphasize that you have made a decision and that you do not want to discuss the subject any more SYN full stop!: I’m not going, period! • • • COLLOCATIONS ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + period ▪ a long/lengthy period They had to spend long periods apart. ▪ a short/brief period He lived for a short period in Manchester. ▪ a limited period (=a fairly short length of time) From May, the site will be open to the public for a limited period. ▪ a fixed/set period (=that will not be changed) A tourist visa allows you to stay for a fixed period. ▪ an indefinite period (=with no fixed end) The painting had been loaned to the gallery for an indefinite period. ▪ a six month/five year etc period They studied the behaviour of the ocean during a five year period. ▪ a trial period (=a time in which you try something to see if it is good) We could introduce the system for a trial period. ■ phrases ▪ a period of time Over a period of time, this pressure can damage the fibres of the carpet. • • • THESAURUS ■ a period in history ▪ period a particular time in history, especially one studied as a subject: the late Victorian period | the interwar period | During that period many people moved from the countryside to the towns. ▪ time a period of years, months, days etc: The 1960s were a time of great social change. | the biggest earthquake in modern times | Verdun was an important city in Roman times. ▪ age a long period, especially one that represents a particular stage in the development of civilization or technology: the industrial age | We are now in the age of the Internet. | the Stone Age (=when people used tools made of stone) ▪ era a long period that has a particular character or that is marked by particular events: We live in an era of breathtaking change. | the post-war era | De Gaulle’s death marked the end of an era. ▪ epoch /ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepək/ formal means the same as era, but sounds more formal and important: We are now entering a new epoch in human history. | the colonial epoch | It was the end of an epoch. II. period2 BrE AmE adjective period costume/furniture etc clothes, furniture etc in the style of a particular time in history: actors dressed in period costume |
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Schedules |
1. a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it on schedule (=at the planned time) The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule. ahead of/behind schedule (=before or after the planned time) Meg’s new book is still well ahead of schedule. How can he fit everything into his busy schedule? I’m going to be working to a very tight schedule (=including a lot of things that must be done in a short time). 2. American English a list that shows the times that buses, trains etc leave or arrive at a particular place SYN timetable British English 3. a formal list of something, for example prices: a schedule of postal charges • • • THESAURUS ▪ schedule a detailed plan of what someone is going to do and when they will do it, especially someone important: He has a very busy schedule. | The President’s schedule includes a two-day visit to St Petersburg. ▪ timetable British English, schedule American English a written list that shows the exact times when something will happen, for example when planes or buses leave, or when classes at school take place: The timetable said there was another train at 6.15. | According to the class schedule, English 104 is at 10 am in Royce Hall. ▪ programme British English, program American English a plan that shows the order of activities at a ceremony, sports meeting, public event etc: Who is organizing the conference programme? | the next event on the program ▪ agenda a list of the subjects that will be discussed at a meeting: Attached is the agenda for the budget committee meeting. | the final item on the agenda ▪ timeline a plan for when things will happen or how long you think something will take – used especially in business English: The timeline for the project is less than six months from start to finish. | What is the usual timeline from the sale of a house to the day you can move in? ▪ itinerary a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey, usually with the date or time that you will be there: The Travel Pack includes a detailed itinerary, maps, and a travel guide. | Let me know your itinerary when you know it. II. schedule2 S3 AC BrE AmE verb [transitive usually passive] [Word Family: verb: ↑schedule, ↑reschedule; adjective: scheduled, rescheduled; noun: ↑schedule] to plan that something will happen at a particular time be scheduled for June/Monday etc The elections are scheduled for mid-June. be scheduled for release/publication/completion etc Her first album is scheduled for release in September. be scheduled to do something Meetings are scheduled to take place all over the country. scheduled flight/service (=a plane service that flies at the same time every day or every week) Prices include scheduled flights from Heathrow. We will not cancel your holiday less than eight weeks before the scheduled departure date. |
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Arrangement |
ar‧range‧ment S2 W2 /əˈreɪndʒmənt/ BrE AmE noun [Word Family: noun: ↑arrangement, ↑arranger; verb: ↑arrange; adjective: arranged] 1. PLAN [countable usually plural] plans and preparations that you must make so that something can happen: Have you made all your travel arrangements? arrangement for I’ve agreed to help with arrangements for the party. The family made arrangements for his body to be flown back. 2. AGREEMENT [uncountable and countable] something that has been organized or agreed on SYN agreement arrangement between An arrangement between the two couples ensured there was always someone to look after the children. arrangement with The school has an arrangement with local businesses. an arrangement to do something Maxine cancelled our arrangement to meet. come to an/some arrangement (with somebody) (=make an agreement that is acceptable to everyone) It would usually cost $500, but I’m sure we can come to some kind of arrangement. Pets are permitted at the resort by prior arrangement. 3. WAY SOMETHING IS ORGANIZED [countable usually plural] the way in which something is organized: The airport is currently reviewing its security arrangements. domestic arrangements 4. POSITION [uncountable and countable] a group of things that are put in a particular position, or the process of doing this arrangement of the traditional arrangement of desks in rows a beautiful flower arrangement 5. MUSIC [countable] a piece of music that has been written or changed for a particular instrument: a piano arrangement of an old folk song • • • COLLOCATIONS ■ verbs ▪ make arrangements You are advised to make travel arrangements well in advance. ▪ discuss the arrangements We need to discuss the wedding arrangements. ▪ finalize the arrangements I’m meeting him tomorrow to finalize the arrangements. ▪ upset the arrangements (=cause problems which spoil the arrangements) I don’t want to upset your arrangements. ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + arrangement ▪ alternative arrangements If the flight is cancelled you’ll have to make alternative arrangements. ▪ special arrangements (=particular preparations other than those usually made) Please inform us if any guests have disabilities or need any special arrangements. ▪ security arrangements He was in charge of security arrangements for the President’s visit. ▪ financial arrangements As treasurer, you’re responsible for all the financial arrangements. ▪ travel arrangements I’ll make my own travel arrangements. ▪ holiday arrangements British English We don’t have any holiday arrangements yet. ▪ seating/sleeping arrangements (=plans for where people will sit/sleep) What are the seating arrangements for dinner? |
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Pronounce |
1. [transitive] to make the sound of a letter, word etc, especially in the correct way ⇨ pronunciation: How do you pronounce your name? 2. [transitive] to officially state that something is true pronounce somebody/something sth The victim was pronounced dead on arrival. I now pronounce you man and wife. 3. [intransitive and transitive] to give a judgment or opinion: The scheme was pronounced a failure. pronounce on/upon He used to pronounce on matters he knew nothing about. 4. [intransitive and transitive] law to give a legal judgment pronounce sentence (=tell a court of law what punishment a criminal will have) |
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Sync |
1. in sync (with something/somebody) a) if things are in sync, they are working well together at exactly the same time and speed be/move/work in sync The two mechanisms have to work in sync. The soundtrack is not quite in sync with the picture. b) matching or in agreement: a celebrity who is in sync with young people’s lifestyles The President is in sync with Thompson’s views on many issues. 2. out of sync (with something/somebody) a) if things are out of sync, they are not working well together at exactly the same time and speed b) not matching or not in agreement II. sync2 BrE AmE , synch (also sync something ↔ up) verb [intransitive and transitive] to arrange for two or more things to happen at exactly the same time, or to happen at the same time or in the same way as something else SYN synchronize: The hardest part was syncing the music to the video. Wait for the computer to synch up with your command. |
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Contantment |
the state of being happy and satisfied OPP discontent: He gave a sigh of contentment, and fell asleep. a feeling of deep contentment |
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Barely |
Almost not only just; scarcely; no more than; almost not: He had barely enough money to pay for the car. without disguise or concealment; openly: They gave the facts to him barely. scantily; meagerly; sparsely. Archaic. merely. Origin: before 950; Middle English; Old English bærlīce. See bare1, -ly
Can be confused: barely, hardly, scarcely (see synonym study at hardly). |
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Lack |
deficiency —noun
deficiency or absence of something needed, desirable, or customary: lack of money; lack of skill. something missing or needed: After he left, they really felt the lack. —verb (used with object)
to be without or deficient in: to lack ability; to lack the necessities of life. to fall short in respect of: He lacks three votes to win. —verb (used without object)
to be absent or missing, as something needed or desirable: Three votes are lacking to make a majority. —Verb phrases
lack in, to be short of or deficient in: What he lacks in brains, he makes up for in brawn. Origin: 1125–75; Middle English lak; cognate with Middle Low German lak, Middle Dutch lac deficiency; akin to Old Norse lakr deficient
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Metaphorse |
1. a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing ⇨ simile: She uses some wonderful images and metaphors in her writing. a very creative use of metaphor 2. mixed metaphor the use of two different metaphors at the same time to describe something, especially in a way that seems silly or funny 3. something that represents a general idea or quality metaphor for Their relationship is a metaphor for the failure of communication in the modern world. • • • COLLOCATIONS (for Meanings 1 & 2) ■ verbs ▪ use a metaphor To use her own metaphor, she is a caged bird who wants to fly free. ▪ extend a metaphor (=to use other metaphors with a similar idea) The poem extends the metaphor of food still further. ▪ borrow a metaphor from something (=use a metaphor from another subject, book etc) To borrow an architectural metaphor, you cannot see the whole building if you focus on the individual bricks. ■ adjectives ▪ a powerful metaphor (=one that works very well) His election campaign used the powerful metaphor of ‘building a bridge to the next century’. ▪ a vivid metaphor (=one that gives you a picture in your mind) The book is full of vivid metaphors and powerful images. ▪ an appropriate/apt metaphor (=a very suitable one) Building on sand is an apt metaphor for the challenge we face. ▪ a central metaphor (=one that a poem or book is based around) The poet as something carried by the ocean is a central metaphor in the book. ▪ a mixed metaphor (=the use of two different metaphors at the same time to describe something, especially in a way that seems silly or funny) In a mixed metaphor, she said ‘he stepped up to the plate and took the bull by the horns.’ ▪ a religious/military/biological etc metaphor He uses a military metaphor to describe these women as ‘storming’ the castle of male power. • • • THESAURUS ■ techniques used in language ▪ metaphor a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing: The beehive is a metaphor for human society. ▪ simile an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words as or like, for example ‘as white as snow’: The poet uses the simile ‘soft like clay’. ▪ irony the use of words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing: ‘I’m so happy to hear that,’ he said, with more than a trace of irony in his voice. ▪ bathos a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important: The play is too sentimental and full of bathos. ▪ hyperbole a way of describing something by saying that it is much bigger, smaller, worse etc than it actually is – used especially to excite people’s feelings: In his speeches, he used a lot of hyperbole. | journalistic hyperbole ▪ alliteration the use of several words together that all begin with the same sound, in order to make a special effect, especially in poetry: the alliteration of the ‘s’ sound in ‘sweet birds sang softly’ ▪ imagery the use of words to describe ideas or actions in a way that makes the reader connect the ideas with pictures in their mind: the use of water imagery in Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ | She uses the imagery of a bird’s song to represent eternal hope. ▪ rhetorical question a question that you ask as a way of making a statement, without expecting an answer: When he said ‘how can these attitudes still exist in a civilized society?’, he was asking a rhetorical question. |
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Worthy |
1. [only before noun] deserving respect from people: Leeds United were worthy winners of the competition. a worthy opponent 2. be worthy of something to deserve to be thought about or treated in a particular way: A couple of other books are worthy of mention. a teacher who is worthy of respect 3. be worthy of somebody informal to be as good as something that a particular person would do: a goal that was worthy of any of the great footballers of the world 4. I’m/We’re not worthy spoken used humorously to say that you consider it a great honour to be with someone because they are famous, or much more skilful at doing something than you are 5. formal trying to help other people: The money will go to a worthy cause. I’m sure his motives were worthy. II. worthy2 BrE AmE noun (plural worthies) [countable] [Word Family: noun: ↑worth, ↑worthlessness, ↑worthy, ↑unworthiness; adjective: worth, ↑worthless, ↑worthwhile, ↑worthy ≠ ↑unworthy] informal someone who is important and should be respected: We were met by a group of local worthies. |
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Antonym |
a word that means the opposite of another word ⇨ synonym: a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms |
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Suppose |
SPOKEN PHRASES 1. I suppose a) used to say you think something is true, although you are uncertain about it SYN I guess I suppose (that) I suppose you’re right. So things worked out for the best, I suppose. ‘Aren’t you pleased?’ ‘Yes, I suppose so.’ b) used when agreeing to let someone do something, especially when you do not really want to SYN I guess: ‘Can we come with you?’ ‘Oh, I suppose so.’ c) used when saying in an angry way that you expect something is true SYN I guess I suppose (that) I suppose you thought you were being clever! d) used to say that you think that something is probably true, although you wish it was not and hope someone will tell you it is not SYN I guess I suppose (that) I suppose it’s too late to apply for that job now. e) used when guessing that something is true SYN I guess: She looked about 50, I suppose. 2. I don’t suppose (that) a) used to ask a question in an indirect way, especially if you think the answer will be ‘no’: I don’t suppose you have any idea where my address book is, do you? b) used to ask for something in a very polite way: I don’t suppose you’d give me a lift to the station? c) used to say that you think it is unlikely something will happen: I don’t suppose I’ll ever see her again. 3. do you suppose (that) ... ? used to ask someone their opinion about something, although you know that it is unlikely that they have any more information about the situation than you do: Do you suppose this is the exact spot? who/what/why etc do you suppose ... ? Who on earth do you suppose could have done this? How do you suppose he got here? 4. what’s that supposed to mean? used when you are annoyed by what someone has just said: ‘It sounds like things aren’t going too well for you lately.’ ‘What’s that supposed to mean?’ 5. suppose/supposing (that) used when talking about a possible condition or situation, and then imagining the result: Look, suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? Supposing it really is a fire! 6. be supposed to do/be something a) used to say what someone should or should not do, especially because of rules or what someone in authority has said: We’re supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock. I’m not supposed to tell anyone. What time are you supposed to be there? b) used to say what was or is expected or intended to happen, especially when it did not happen: No one was supposed to know about it. The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to postpone it. The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. c) used to say that something is believed to be true by many people, although it might not be true or you might disagree: The castle is supposed to be haunted. ‘Dirty Harry’ is supposed to be one of Eastwood’s best films. Mrs Carver is supposed to have a lot of money. GRAMMAR Do not say 'be suppose to do something'. Use be supposed to: ▪ You’re supposed to take your shoes off. ▪ He’s supposed to be very clever. 7. [not in progressive] to think that something is probably true, based on what you know SYN presume: There were many more deaths than was first supposed. suppose (that) What makes you suppose we’re going to sell the house? There’s no reason to suppose (=it is unlikely that) he’s lying. 8. [not in progressive] formal to expect that something will happen or be true, and to base your plans on it: The company’s plan supposes a steady increase in orders. |
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Bow down |
bow down phrasal verb (see also ↑bow) 1. to bend your body forward, especially when you are already kneeling, in order to show respect bow down before/to etc Maria bowed down before the statue. Come, let us bow down in worship. 2. bow down to somebody literary to let someone give you orders or tell you what to do – used to show disapproval |
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Skyscraper |
sky‧scrap‧er /ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə $ -ər/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
a very tall modern city building |
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Bewilderd |
Confused |
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Bizarre |
Very strange Their dancing was bizarre and their faces were expressionless |
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Within |
Inside |
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Literally |
Actually |
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The tip of the iceberg |
Asmall part of some thing much bigger |
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Swept away |
To become completely overwhelmed by situation |
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Within |
Inside |
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Literally |
Actually |
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Extreme |
The dancing was so extreme that some people literally danced themselves to death |
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Pronounce |
—verb (used with object), pro·nounced, pro·nounc·ing.
to enunciate or articulate (sounds, words, sentences, etc.). to utter or sound in a particular manner in speaking: He pronounces his words indistinctly. to utter or articulate in the accepted or correct manner: I can't pronounce this word. to declare (a person or thing) to be as specified: She pronounced it the best salmon she had ever tasted. to utter or deliver formally or solemnly: to pronounce sentence. to announce authoritatively or officially: The judge pronounced the defendant guilty. to indicate the pronunciation of (words) by providing a phonetic transcription: This dictionary pronounces most of the words entered. —verb (used without object), pro·nounced, pro·nounc·ing.
to pronounce words, phrases, etc. to make a statement or assertion, especially an authoritative statement (often followed by on ): He was required to pronounce on the findings of his research. to give an opinion or decision (usually followed by on ): to pronounce on an important matter. to indicate the pronunciation of words: a spelling book that pronounces. Origin: 1300–50; Middle English pronouncen < Middle French prononcier < Latin prōnūntiāre to proclaim, announce, recite, utter. See pro-1, announce
—Related forms pro·nounce·a·ble, adjective pro·nounce·a·ble·ness, noun pro·nounc·er, noun pre·pro·nounce, verb (used with object), pre·pro·nounced, pre·pro·nounc·ing. un·pro·nounce·a·ble, adjective un·pro·nounc·ing, adjective
Can be confused: announce, enunciate, pronounce (see synonym study at announce).
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Court |
court —noun
Law. a place where justice is administered. a judicial tribunal duly constituted for the hearing and determination of cases. a session of a judicial assembly. an area open to the sky and mostly or entirely surrounded by buildings, walls, etc. a high interior usually having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of galleries or the like. Chiefly Irish. a stately dwelling. a short street. a smooth, level quadrangle on which to play tennis, basketball, etc. one of the divisions of such an area. the residence of a sovereign or other high dignitary; palace. a sovereign's or dignitary's retinue. a sovereign and councilors as the political rulers of a state. a formal assembly held by a sovereign. homage paid, as to a king. special or devoted attention in order to win favor, affection, etc.: to pay court to the king. the body of qualified members of a corporation, council, board, etc. a branch or lodge of a fraternal society. Animal Behavior. an area where animals of a particular species gather to display. the group of insects, as honeybees, surrounding the queen; retinue. —verb (used with object)
to try to win the favor, preference, or goodwill of: to court the rich. to seek the affections of; woo. (of animals) to attempt to attract (a mate) by engaging in certain species-specific behaviors. to attempt to gain (applause, favor, a decision, etc.). to hold out inducements to; invite. to act in such a manner as to cause, lead to, or provoke: to court disaster by reckless driving. —verb (used without object)
to seek another's love; woo. (of animals) to engage in certain species-specific behaviors in order to attract individuals of the opposite sex for mating. —Idioms
hold court, to have a formal assembly of a judicial tribunal or one held by a sovereign. to be surrounded by one's disciples or admirers, giving advice, exchanging gossip, receiving compliments, etc. out of court, without a legal hearing; privately: The case will be settled out of court. out of the question; undeserving of discussion: This wild scheme is entirely out of court. Origin: 1125–75; Middle English co(u)rt < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin cohort- (stem of cohors) farmyard; see cohort
—Related forms out·court, verb (used with object) un·court·ed, adjective un·court·ing, adjective well-court·ed, adjective
Can be confused: caught, court, cot.
Court —noun
Margaret Smith, born 1942, Australian tennis player. |
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Lying down |
Is to very passive and weak and accept bad thing happening to you |
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To stand up |
To fight back and to take stand is to choose aside and fight for that side |
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To stand by |
To stand by some one is to support sone one . To support a friend or support a loved one through adifficult time |
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Tips |
That meaning when some one want help you in something Advice |
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Instruction |
What ilets required procedures |
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Predict |
Tray and predict answer befor you listen Bredicition : think about something not yet happen |
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Distracter |
Beware of distracters don't write the first thing that you that sounds right some times the correct answer comes later |
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Topic |
Think about the topic write your answer carefully |
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Doubt |
You not sure |
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Abbreviation |
If in doubt write down full words not abbreviation check spelling and grammar when you transfer your answer write the word you hear, don't rephrase use symbols such as decimal points and currency signs |
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Panic |
If you get lost don't panic listen for key words , look at the questions find your place again |
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Attempt |
Attempt any question you missed ( guess if necessary) Try to answer |
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Etc |
etc. BrE AmE (also etc British English) /et ˈsetərə/ adverb (et cetera) used in writing after a list to show that there are many other similar things or people that you could have added: a shop which sells cards, calendars, wrapping paper etc etc. etc. (=used when you are rather bored or annoyed by the list you are giving) The letter says pay at once, they’ve reminded us before etc. etc. REGISTER When writing essays, articles, or business letters, people usually avoid using etc. or etcetera, and write the sentence another way using such as: ▪ feelings of jealousy, anger, hatred, etc. ➔ feelings such as jealousy, anger, or hatred • • • THESAURUS ▪ etc. used when you want to say that there are many other examples of things of the same kind. The full form is et cetera, but this is rarely used. Don’t use etc. in essays or formal writing: They asked me about my past experience, qualifications etc. | Precise details of times, dates etc. should be recorded. ▪ such as used before one or more nouns to say that there are many other examples of the same kind. It is better to use such as rather than etc. in essays and formal writing: It is best to avoid drinks such as tea, coffee or alcohol. | a distressing event such as the break-up of a marriage ▪ to name (but) a few used after examples of something when saying that there are many more you could have mentioned: Our daily activities include tennis, swimming, darts, snooker to name but a few. ▪ and so on spoken used in spoken English when you want to say that there are other examples of things of the same kind. Don’t use and so on in essays or formal writing – it sounds too vague: You can do things to look after yourself in the way of diet, exercise, not smoking and so on. ▪ and many others and many other people or things: The book includes poems by Christina Rossetti, William Blake and many others. | The college offers courses in maths, physics, computer science and many others. |
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Aid |
to provide support for or relief to; help: to aid the homeless victims of the fire. to promote the progress or accomplishment of; facilitate. —verb (used without object)
to give help or assistance. —noun
help or support; assistance. a person or thing that aids or furnishes assistance; helper; auxiliary. aids, Manège. Also called natural aids. the means by which a rider communicates with and controls a horse, as the hands, legs, voice, and shifts in weight. Also called artificial aids. the devices by means of which a rider increases control of a horse, as spurs, whip, and martingale. aide-de-camp. foreign aid. a payment made by feudal vassals to their lord on special occasions. English History. (after 1066) any of several revenues received by a king in the Middle Ages from his vassals and other subjects, limited by the Magna Charta to specified occasions. Origin: 1375–1425; (noun) late Middle English ayde < Anglo-French, Old French aide, noun derivative of aid(i)er < Latin adjūtāre to help (frequentative of adjuvāre), equivalent to ad- ad- + -jū- help + -t- frequentative suffix + -āre infinitive suffix; (v.) < Anglo-French, Old French aid(i)er < Latin, as above |
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Charity |
1. [countable] an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick etc ⇨ charitable: Several charities sent aid to the flood victims. charity event/walk/concert etc (=an event organized to collect money for a charity) 2. [uncountable] charity organizations in general: All the money raised by the concert will go to charity. for charity The children raised over £200 for charity. 3. [uncountable] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick etc: refugees living on charity Her pride wouldn’t allow her to accept charity. 4. [uncountable] formal kindness or sympathy that you show towards other people: Mother Teresa’s works of charity Newspaper reports showed him little charity. 5. charity begins at home a phrase meaning that you should take care of your own family, country etc before you help other people • • • COLLOCATIONS (for Meanings 1 & 2) ■ verbs ▪ give something to charity I like to give a small amount of what I earn to charity. ▪ donate something to charity (=give something to charity) She sold all her jewellery and donated the money to charity. ▪ go to charity Any profit that she makes from her writing goes to charity. ▪ raise money/funds for charity A huge amount is raised for charity by the festival. ▪ support a charity (=give money to one) Do you support any charities? ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + charity ▪ a local charity (=one that operates near the place where you live) All the money raised goes to local charities. ▪ an international charity (=one that operates all over the world) The Red Cross is a well-known international charity. ▪ a national charity (=one that operates throughout a country) Help the Aged is a national charity representing older people. ▪ a cancer charity (=one that raises money to treat or cure cancer) The event raised thousands of pounds for a cancer charity. ■ charity + NOUN ▪ a charity shop (=one that gives the money it makes to a charity) Give your old clothes to a charity shop. ▪ a charity event (=one organized to collect money for a charity) She spoke at a charity event in aid of famine relief. ▪ a charity match/concert/show etc The band appeared at a charity concert for free. ▪ a charity worker (=someone who works for a charity, often without pay) Charity workers say these reforms will not help the poor. ▪ a charity appeal (=an act of asking people to give money to a charity) The organization is launching a charity appeal for a new air ambulance. • • • THESAURUS ▪ organization a group of people, companies, or countries, which is set up for a particular purpose: Greenpeace is an international organization that protects the environment. | the World Health Organization ▪ institution a large important organization such as a bank, church, or university: The University is an important academic institution. | financial institutions such as banks ▪ association an organization for people in a particular profession, sport, or activity, which officially represents its members – often used in names: I met a representative of the National Association of Teachers. | the Football Association ▪ party an organization of people with the same political aims which you can vote for in elections: Which political party do you support? | He voted for the Republican Party’s candidate. ▪ body an important group of people who make the rules and advise people about what should be allowed: the sport’s governing body | The government has set up an advisory body. ▪ club/society an organization for people who share an interest, for example a sport: We belong to a tennis club. | I joined the university film society. ▪ union an organization formed by workers in order to protect their rights: The union ordered its members out on strike. ▪ charity an organization which collects money to help people who are poor, sick etc and does not make any profit for itself: She has raised a lot of money for local charities. ▪ quango British English disapproving an organization set up by the government, which has official power but whose members have not been elected: the amount of money that is wasted on government quangos |
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Marvellous |
extremely good, enjoyable, impressive etc SYN wonderful: ‘How was your holiday?’ ‘Marvellous!’ We had a marvellous time. I can’t stand him, but my wife thinks he’s marvellous. It’s marvellous what they can do these days. —marvellously adverb • • • THESAURUS ▪ fantastic/terrific spoken extremely good, in a way that makes you feel excited and happy – used mainly in spoken English: The view from the top was fantastic. | He did a fantastic job. | That’s a terrific idea! | ‘I passed!’ ‘That’s terrific!’ ▪ great spoken extremely good – used mainly in spoken English: Thanks for a great afternoon. | ‘Did you have a good holiday?' ’It was great!' ▪ excellent extremely good – used especially about the quality of something. Excellent is more formal than fantastic/terrific or great, and is used in both spoken and written English: Our local theatre has put on some excellent productions. | It is an excellent film. ▪ wonderful extremely good in a way that impresses you or makes you very pleased: She is really a wonderful person. | That’s wonderful news! ▪ marvellous British English, marvelous American English extremely good in a way that impresses you or makes you very pleased. Marvellous sounds a little old-fashioned, but is still fairly common: We had a marvellous dinner at a little restaurant near the hotel. | Martino’s performance was marvelous. ▪ amazing extremely good in a surprising and exciting way: Standing there on top of Mount Fuji was an amazing experience. ▪ incredible extremely good in a surprising and exciting way. Incredible is often used when something is so good that it almost seems unlikely: What a goal! That was incredible! | It was an incredible moment - one that I will never forget. ▪ brilliant British English informal extremely good: ‘How was your trip?’ ‘Absolutely brilliant!’ | What a brilliant idea! ▪ be out of this world used when saying that something is so good that you cannot imagine anything better: Their desserts are out of this world. |
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Inn |
inn /ɪn/ BrE AmE noun [countable] [Language: Old English] 1. a small hotel or ↑pub, especially an old one in the countryside 2. a word used in the names of some ↑pubs and hotels: We’re staying at the Holiday Inn. |
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Specifc |
1. [only before noun] a specific thing, person, or group is one particular thing, person, or group OPP non-specific: games suitable for specific age groups a specific example of alcohol’s effect on the body 2. detailed and exact OPP non-specific: Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions. specific about Could you be more specific about what you’re looking for? 3. specific to something formal limited to or affecting only one particular thing: a disease specific to horses II. specific2 AC BrE AmE noun 1. specifics [plural] particular details specifics of the specifics of the lawsuit give/go into/provide etc specifics Thurman was reluctant to go into specifics about the deal. 2. [countable] medical a drug that has an effect only on one particular disease |
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Vow |
I. vow1 /vaʊ/ BrE AmE noun [countable] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: vou, from Latin votum; ⇨ ↑vote2] 1. a serious promise ⇨ oath: Jim made a vow that he would find his wife’s killer. 2. a religious promise that you will do something for God, the church etc: a monk who had taken a vow of poverty 3. vows [plural] a) (also marriage/wedding vows) the promises you make during your wedding b) the promises you make when you become a Catholic priest or ↑nun • • • COLLOCATIONS ■ verbs ▪ make a vow I made a vow never to go near the place again. ▪ take a vow (=make a vow at a formal ceremony) Priests have to take a vow of obedience to the Catholic Church. ▪ keep a vow (=do as you promised) She kept her vow not to tell anyone about their affair. ▪ break a vow (=fail to do as you promised) She accused him of breaking his marriage vows. ▪ exchange vows (=make promises to each other as part of a wedding ceremony) They wanted to exchange vows before their family and friends. ▪ renew your vows (=have a second wedding ceremony to repeat your promises) Fifty couples celebrated their golden weddings and renewed their vows at a cathedral service in Chicago. ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + vow ▪ a solemn vow (=a very serious vow, which you must keep) He made a solemn vow that he would do everything he could to help her. ▪ marriage/wedding vows She wrote her own marriage vows. ▪ a holy/sacred vow When we get married in church we are making sacred vows. ■ phrases ▪ a vow of silence/poverty/celibacy etc People close to him have finally broken their vow of silence. ▪ be bound by a vow (=to have promised seriously to do something) She told him she was bound by a vow not to tell any other person. • • • THESAURUS ▪ promise a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable: ‘I’ll call you tomorrow.’ ‘Is that a promise?’ | Politicians are always making promises. ▪ pledge a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future: The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges. | We have received pledges of help from various organizations. ▪ vow a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make: He made a vow never to drink alcohol again. | your marriage vows ▪ oath a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law: Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth. | Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution. ▪ undertaking a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money: The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre. | He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house. ▪ assurance a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident: You have my assurance that it won’t happen again. | The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be delivered today. ▪ guarantee a very definite promise that something will happen. A guarantee is also a formal written promise by a company to repair or replace a product free if it has a fault within a fixed period of time.: With any diet, there’s no guarantee of success. | I’m afraid I can’t give you a 100% guarantee. | Is the camera still under guarantee (=within the period during which it can be repaired or replaced free)? II. vow2 BrE AmE verb [transitive] 1. to make a serious promise to yourself or someone else SYN promise vow to do something Supporters have vowed to continue the protest until Adams is released. vow (that) I vowed that I would never drink again. 2. formal to make a religious promise that you will do something for God, the church etc • • • THESAURUS ▪ promise to tell someone that you will definitely do something, or that something will happen: He promised to give the book back. | The organisers have promised that this year’s event will take place. ▪ swear to make a very serious and sincere promise, for example in a law court: He had sworn to tell the truth. | I would never do that, I swear. ▪ give somebody your word especially spoken to promise sincerely that you will do something or that something is true – often used when you are trying to persuade someone that they can trust you: I give you my word that your money is safe with me. | I’ll let you go out tonight if you give me your word that you’ll be home by 11. ▪ vow to make a very serious promise, often to yourself: She vowed that she would never drink alcohol again. | They vowed to carry on their campaign for justice. ▪ assure to promise someone that something will happen or that something is true, in order to try to make them feel less worried: Police have assured the public that they are doing everything they can to find the killer. ▪ guarantee to promise that you will make sure that something will definitely happen, so that there is no question of it not happening: I guarantee that you will have the documents by tomorrow. | How can you guarantee that this won’t happen again? ▪ pledge to promise publicly or officially that you will do something, for example to give help or money: The government has pledged to increase overseas aid to $4 billion over the next five years. ▪ undertake formal to make an official or legal promise to do something: The government undertook to keep price increases to a minimum. | The two sides undertook to respect each other’s territory. ▪ commit to something formal to make a firm and definite promise to do something important, which will affect you for a long time and which could result in serious effects if you fail: Bobby felt unready to commit to a romantic relationship. | A group of 11 companies has committed to developing a new passenger plane. |
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Gut |
I. gut1 /ɡʌt/ BrE AmE noun [Language: Old English; Origin: guttas (plural)] 1. gut reaction/feeling/instinct informal a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it: He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying. 2. COURAGE guts [plural] informal the courage and determination you need to do something difficult or unpleasant: It takes guts to start a new business on your own. have the guts (to do something) No one had the guts to tell Paul what a mistake he was making. 3. INSIDE YOUR BODY a) guts [plural] all the organs in someone’s body, especially when they have come out of their body: There were blood and guts all over the place. b) [countable] the tube through which food passes from your stomach SYN intestine: It can take 72 hours for food to pass through the gut. 4. STOMACH [countable] informal someone’s stomach, especially when it is large SYN belly: He felt as if someone had just kicked him in the gut. Phil has a huge beer gut (=unattractive fat stomach caused by drinking too much beer). 5. STRING [uncountable] a type of strong string made from the ↑intestine of an animal, and used for musical instruments such as ↑violins ⇨ ↑catgut 6. MACHINE/EQUIPMENT guts [plural] informal the parts inside a machine or piece of equipment 7. MOST IMPORTANT PARTS guts [plural] informal the most important or basic parts of something guts of the guts of the problem 8. work/sweat your guts out (also slog your guts out British English) informal to work very hard 9. at gut level if you know something at gut level, you feel sure about it, though you could not give a reason for it: She knew at gut level that he was guilty. 10. I’ll have sb’s guts for garters British English informal used to say that you would like to punish someone severely for something they have done ⇨ ↑blood-and-guts, ⇨ bust a gut at ↑bust1(3), ⇨ hate sb’s guts at ↑hate1(2), ⇨ spill your guts at ↑spill1(4) II. gut2 BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle gutted, present participle gutting) [transitive] 1. [usually passive] to completely destroy the inside of a building, especially by fire: The building was completely gutted by fire. 2. to remove the organs from inside a fish or animal in order to prepare it for cooking 3. to change something by removing some of the most important or central parts ⇨ ↑gutted |
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Issue |
1. SUBJECT/PROBLEM [countable] a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of a lot of people: Abortion is a highly controversial issue. We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council. The key issue is whether workers should be classified as ‘employees’. 2. MAGAZINE [countable] a magazine or newspaper printed for a particular day, week, or month issue of the January issue of Newsweek the current/latest issue Have you seen the latest issue? 3. take issue with somebody/something to disagree or argue with someone about something: It is difficult to take issue with his analysis. take issue with somebody over something I must take issue with you over what you said yesterday. 4. make an issue (out) of something to argue about something, especially in a way that annoys other people because they do not think it is important: I was upset by Eleanor’s remarks, but didn’t make an issue of it. 5. have issues (with somebody/something) informal a) to have problems dealing with something because of something that happened in the past: There’s a self-help group for people who have issues with money. b) if you have issues with someone or something, you do not agree with or approve of them: I have a few issues with Marc. 6. at issue formal the problem or subject at issue is the most important part of what you are discussing or considering: At issue here is the extent to which exam results reflect a student’s ability. 7. ACT OF GIVING SOMETHING [singular] the act of officially giving people something to use: the issue of identity cards to all non-residents 8. SET OF THINGS FOR SALE [countable] a new set of something such as ↑shares or stamps, made available for people to buy: We launched the share issue on March 1. a new issue of bonds 9. die without issue old use to die without having any children • • • COLLOCATIONS ■ verbs ▪ discuss/debate an issue They met to discuss the issue of working conditions at the factory. ▪ raise an issue/bring up an issue (=say an issue should be discussed) Some important issues were raised at the meeting. ▪ deal with/tackle an issue (also address an issue formal) The government must deal with the issue of gun crime. | The company said that it will address the issue at the next scheduled board meeting. ▪ decide/settle/resolve an issue (=solve it) The issue was settled after some tough negotiations. | No deadline has been set to resolve the issue. ▪ face an issue (=accept that an issue exists and deal with it) Politicians seem to be reluctant to face the issue. ▪ avoid/evade an issue (also dodge/duck an issue informal) (=avoid discussing an issue) There is no point in evading the issue any longer. ▪ confuse/cloud/muddy the issue (=make an issue more difficult to understand or deal with than it needs to be) You must not let your feelings cloud the issue. ▪ highlight an issue (=bring attention to it) The minister used his speech to highlight the issue of global warming. ▪ an issue comes up (also an issue arises formal) (=people started to discuss it) The issue arose during a meeting of the Budget Committee. ▪ the issues surrounding something This chapter discusses the ethical issues surrounding genetically modified foods. ■ adjectives ▪ a political/social/economic etc issue They discussed a number of political issues. ▪ an important issue The committee met several times to discuss this important issue. ▪ a key/major/big issue (=very important) For me, the big issue is cost. ▪ a difficult/complex issue He was able to grasp complex issues quickly. ▪ a controversial/sensitive issue (=an issue that causes strong feelings and arguments) Abortion is a controversial issue. ▪ a thorny issue (also a vexed issue formal) (=a difficult one that causes disagreement) Illegal immigration is always a thorny issue. ▪ a burning issue (=a very important and urgent issue) For country-dwellers, transport is a burning issue. ▪ wider issues (=more general issues, that affect more people or things) This is a question that raises much wider issues. ▪ a topical issue (=an issue that is important at the present time) The magazine discusses topical issues in science. ▪ the underlying issue (=the cause, or a more important problem that is related to something) This research explores some of the underlying issues related to high unemployment. ▪ a fundamental issue (=a basic and important issue) Decisions still need to be made about some fundamental issues. ▪ an unresolved issue (=that has not been dealt with) A number of unresolved issues remain before the treaty can be signed. ■ phrases ▪ a range of issues A range of issues were debated at the meeting. ▪ something is not the issue spoken (=something is not the most important problem or part) Price alone is not the issue. II. issue2 S3 W2 AC BrE AmE verb [transitive] 1. to officially make a statement, give an order, warning etc: Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair. a warning issued by the Surgeon General 2. if an organization or someone in an official position issues something such as documents or equipment, they give these things to people who need them issue a passport/permit/visa etc The US State Department issues millions of passports each year. issue somebody with something All the workers were issued with protective clothing. issue something to somebody The policy document will be issued to all employees. 3. to officially produce something such as new stamps, coins, or ↑shares and make them available to buy issue forth phrasal verb literary if something issues forth, it comes out of a place or thing issue forth from A low grunt issued forth from his throat. issue from something phrasal verb literary if something issues from a place or thing, it comes out of it: Smoke issued from the factory chimneys. |
