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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three different types of Learning? |
1.Classical Conditioning 2.Operant Conditioning 3. Cognitive learning |
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What is classical Conditioning |
After repeated exposure of two stimuli together, you begin to associate those two stimuli with one another. |
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What is Operant Conditioning? |
We learn to associate our behaviour with consequences
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What is Cognitive Learning? |
Acquiring new behaviours and information mentally rather than by direct experience. |
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What is a Neutral stimulus (NS) |
A stimulus that does not trigger a response
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What is an unconditioned stimulus? |
A stimulus that triggers a response naturally, before/ without any conditioning. |
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What is the conditioned stimulus? |
After conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. |
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What is a conditioned response? |
After conditioning, the subject begins to associate the neutral stimulus with the conditioned stimulus, making it now a conditioned response. |
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What is acquisition? |
This is the initial stage of learning and conditioning. |
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What is extinction? |
This is a diminishing of a conditioned response. |
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What is spontaneous recovery? |
After extinction spontaneous recovery may occur, which means there is a return of the conditioned response despite no further conditioning. |
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What Is generalization? |
This refers to the tendency to have conditioned responses triggered by related stimuli. |
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What is Discrimination? |
This refers to the learned ability to only respond to a specific stimulus, preventing generalization. |
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In operant conditioning what s reinforced behaviour? |
Behaviour that has good consequence, so it's more likely to be tried again.
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What is punished behaviour? |
Behaviour that receives a negative response, and so the child is less likely to do it again. |
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What was Thorndike's law of effect? |
Behaviours that are followed by favourable consequences become more likely, and behaviour that have unfavourable consequences are less likely. |
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How did Skinner expand on Thorndike's law? |
He created the 'Skinner Box' which allowed for detailed tracking of rates of behaviour change in response to different rates of reinforcement |
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What is positive reinforcement? |
Adding something desirable |
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What is negative reinforcement? |
Taking away something unpleasant, which allows for future behaviour to be similar. |
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What is shaping behaviour? |
Making someone do something to get a reward, and slowly increasing what they have to do to get that reward. |
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What is discrimination? |
Refers to the ability to become more and more specific in what situation triggers a response. |
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What are schedules of reinforcement? |
Refers to the rules of how often and when reinforcement is delivered. This includes continuous reinforcement: The subject is rewarded every time they preform a behaviour or task partial/ intermittent reinforcement: the subject is rewarded only some of the time for doing the target behaviour. |
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what is fixed interval schedule |
reward at the same time every time.
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what is variable interval schedule? |
reward after changing or random amount of time. |
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fixed ratio schedule |
reward after every five targeted hours. |
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variable ratio schedule? |
reward after a randomly chosen instance of the targeted behaviour |
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What is mirroring |
Is a part of observational learning, in which a person is able to picture themselves actually doing a certain behaviour |
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What are mirror neurons? |
Neurons that fire when we watch others do or feel something |
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What is prosocial behaiour? |
Refers to action that benefit others and follow social norms
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What is antisocial behaviour? |
Refers to behaviour that is harmful to others and society. |
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What is the correlation between media and violence? |
Research shows that viewing violence in media leads to increased aggression and reduced prosocial behaviour. |
