Learning 2

Front 1

Operant conditioning

Back 1

Process of changing behavior by manipuling the consequences of that behavior

Front 2

Law and Effect (edward thornike)

Back 2

Idea that behaviors followed by a favorable consequences are more likely to happen again while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Front 3

B.F Skinner

Back 3

Famous for his ideas in behaviorism and his work with rats. The box. Operant chamber.

Front 4

Reinforcer

Back 4

An internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior

Front 5

Positive reinforcement

Back 5

Stimulus presented after a response that increases the probability of that response happening again

(Getting paid for good grades)

Front 6

Negative Reinforcement

Back 6

The removal of an unpleasant or adverse stimulus that increases the probability of that response happening again

(Taking advil to get rid of headache. Seatbelts to make noise stop)

Front 7

Punishment

Back 7

Averse/disliked stimulus which occurs after a behavior and decreases the probability it will occur again

Front 8

Positive punishment

Back 8

An undesirable event that follows a behavior. (Getting detention after cheating on a test)

Front 9

Negative punishment

Back 9

When a desirable event ends or when an item is taken away after a behavior

(Cell phone taken away after failing multiple classes)

Front 10

Reinforcement vs Punishment

Back 10

Punishment must be administered consistently. Intermittent punishment is far less effective than punishment delivered after every undesired behavior.

It's important to remember that the learner decides it something is reinforcing or punishing.

Reinforcement more effective. Teaches them alternatives behavior rather than saying no and getting no advice on how to change.

Front 11

Continuous reinforcement

Back 11

A reinforcement schedule under which all correct responses are reinforced (vending machine)

Front 12

Shaping

Back 12

A technique where new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar to the desired response

Front 13

Intermittent reinforcement

Back 13

A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced.

Most effective way to maintain a desired behavior that has been learned. (This is why gambling sticks)

Front 14

Interval schedule

Back 14

Rewards subjects a certain time interval.

Front 15

Ratio schedule

Back 15

Rewards subjects after a certain number of responses

Front 16

Fixed interval schedule (FI)

Back 16

Schedule that rewards learner only for the first correct response after some defined period of time

(Put rats in box that provided reinforced after 60 seconds. Learned they had to wait)

(Studying behavior before and after test you get every 4 weeks)

Front 17

Variable Interval schedule (VI)

Back 17

Reinforcement system that rewards a correct response after an unpredictable amount of time

(Pop quiz)

Front 18

Fixed ratio schedule (FR)

Back 18

Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which reinforcement follows a set number of responses

(In stores, if you use your membership card, you can get "free" rewards)

(Worker paid by number of unit they produce. May overwork themselves working faster to make more money)

Front 19

Variable Ratio Schedule (VR)

Back 19

Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which the mumber or responses needed for reinforcement changes.

(Lottery scratch off tickets)

Front 20

Primary reinforcement

Back 20

Something that is naturally reinforcing. (Food, warmth, water)

Front 21

Secondary reinforcement

Back 21

Something you have learned is a reward because it is paired with a primary reinforcement in the long run.

(Good grades)