Le Muscles

Front 1

What are the three compartments of the foot?

Back 1

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

Front 2

What are the:
Nerve
Artery
Actions
of the Anterior Compartment

Back 2

N: Deep fibular
A: Anterior tibial
Primary actions: dorsiflexion and extension of the digits

Front 3

What forms the compartment septae and retinaculae?

Back 3

Deep or crural fascia

Front 4

What "layer" contains superficial veins and cutaneous Nerves?

Back 4

Superficial Fascia of the leg/foot

Front 5

What are the two major parts of the extensor retinaculum?

Back 5

Superior/Inferior

Front 6

What are the characteristics of the supeiror and inferior extensor retinaculae?

Back 6

Both extensor retinaculae are between the Tib/Fib
Superior is superior to the malleoli
Inferior is made of three parts.
-Common stem (lateral at calcaneus/talus)
- Upper band
- Lower band (to plantar fascia and medial cuneiform)

Front 7

What is the fascia called on the dorsum of the foot?

Back 7

Dorsalis Pedis Fascia

Front 8

What are the tendons included in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd compartments of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 8

1s- TAFT EHL/EDL

Front 9

What muscle tendons are included in the 2nd compartment of the Deep fascial compartments of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 9

EDB
EHB

Front 10

What is contained in the thrid compartment of the deep fascia of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 10

Neurovascular structures

Front 11

considering the Extensor Expansions:
What is Dorsal?
What joins Laterally?
What are the three slips/bands?

Back 11

Extensor expansions lie over the dorsum of the MtPJ
The EDLs are Dorsal
Joined by EDB laterally
(at Proximal Phalanx) Central band with two lateral bands.
Terminates into terminal slip/band at the dorsal tubercle of the distal phalanx.

Front 12

Explain the function of extensor expansions-

Back 12

Extensor expansions attach to the extensor tendons. When the tendons flex it pulls on the wing/sling and causes extension of the IPJs (not MPJs)

Front 13

Triangular Aponerosis-

Back 13

Helps hold the two lateral bands together (on lab practical) and terminates into the terminal slip that inserts at dorsal tubercle of distal phalanx.

Front 14

What are the two parts of the Extensor Hood?
What is the Hood coverage?

Back 14

Sling and Wing,
Mt head to PiPjts

Front 15

What is the Extensor hood Sling?
Wing?
Combined?

Back 15

Sling encircles the MTP, is proximal and interossei insert to it.
Wing is distal and lumbricals insert to it.
Combined to make extensor hood.

Front 16

Where does the Central slip of the Extensor Expansion terminate?

Back 16

dorsal tubercle of the middle phalanx.
(medial and lateral go distal, secured near distal termination by trangular aponeurosis, and insert to the dorsal tubercle of distal phalanx )

Front 17

What muscles insert on the sling?
Wing?

Back 17

Sling is interossei
Wing is lumbricals

Front 18

What is the course of the sling?

Back 18

From dorsum to plantar plate.

Front 19

FDB is on the first layer of plantar MM (it is superficial). What is just deep to it at the 2nd met head?

Back 19

FDL is deep (2nd layer of plantar mm) to FDB at met head.

Front 20

What are the MM of the lateral compartment?
What is the action?
What is the real-life function?

Back 20

Superficial is Fib. longus, then Fib. brevis deep to it.
Eversion/weak plantarflexion
Rolling the ankle these fire and protect from damaging ligaments.

Front 21

What holds the ligament of the Fib Long in the groove of the cuboid?

Back 21

Superficial fibers of the long plantar ligament.

Front 22

lateral Compartment: What NN supplies innervation?
What AA?

Back 22

Technically the superficial Fibular NN is the N to the lateral compartment. (supplies MM to longus and brevis)
AA- Perforating AA of Ant. Tibial to front and Fibular to Back.

Front 23

what holds the tendons of the fibularis long/brev in place as they course laterally and plantarly on the foot?

Back 23

Superior and inferior fibular retinacula.

Front 24

Proximally the fib long/brev tendon is in a singular sheath. Where does the sheath split to the fib/long tendon proper?

Back 24

Splits at the fibular tubercle. Remember, that prominence on the lateral side of the calcaneus. like an object out in the middle of nowhere?

Front 25

Insertion of fib brevis?
longus?

Back 25

Brevis- Styloid process
Longus- plantar foot, base of met heads

Front 26

Posterior compartment of the leg
N
A
Action

Back 26

N: tibial N
AA: Posterior Tibial Vessels
Action: Plantar flexion, inversion, Flexion of digits.

Front 27

What are the two septae that divide the Posterior compartment from the ant/lateral?

Back 27

Interosseus ligament
Posteriro Septum

Front 28

What and were is the Kager's triangle?

Back 28

Kagers is a fatty pad behind the achilles tendon that helps maintain space with bursa under the achilles tendon. (what?)

Front 29

What are the contents of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 29

Triceps surae
Achilles tendon (w/reflex @S1)
Kager's triangle
Retrocalcaneal bursa

Front 30

What are the MM in the Deep portion of the Posterior Compartment?

Back 30

Popliteus MM
Tibialus Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
(Pop (Tom Dick an Harry))

Front 31

Popliteus course and purpose in this world.

Back 31

Intracapsular tendon into the medial condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus- unlock knee.

Front 32

The flexor retinacula runs from the medial malleolus to the calcaneus. What courses deep to that, in an anterior to posterior Fashion?

Back 32

Tibialis Posterior (T)
Flexor Digitorum Longus (D)
Flexor Hallucis Longus (H)

Front 33

What is the course of the Flexor Hallucis Longus as it courses to the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 33

Most lateral, in the groove of posterior process of the talus, under the sustentaculum tali, to distal phalanx of hallux

Front 34

More proximal than the flexor retinaculum what is the order of the TDH?

Back 34

FDL (Dick)
TP (tom) (crosses inferior to FDL and ends up with tendon anterior to it)
Flexor Hallucis Longus (Harry)

Front 35

What is the Porta Pedis?

Back 35

Where vasculature and NN enter the plantar foot. Just a continuation of the tarsal tunnel onto the foot. Between the first and 2nd layers of the foot. Covered by abductor hallucis.

Front 36

What is the "nod of henry"?

Back 36

holds the FHL/FDL together

Front 37

What are the two fat pads on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 37

Calcaneal and metatarsal

Front 38

What are the three sections of the "plantar fascia" or plantar aponeurosis.

Back 38

Central- main part that comes from medial tubercle to MPJs. Wraps and encircles MPJs distally.
Lateral- dense, course, thin portion from lateral tubercle to 5th met base.
Medial- unremarkable.

Front 39

What are the four Fascial compartments of the foot called?

Back 39

Interosseus
Lateral
Medial
Central

Front 40

What are the rules to the medial and lateral fascial compartments of the plantar foot?

Back 40

Lateral has structures that attach to 5th met.
Medial has structures that attach to 1st met.

Front 41

What are the contents of the central fascial comparment of the plantar foot?

Back 41

Lumbricals and flexor digitorum brevis MM tendons.
It is surrounded by invaginations of the central band.

Front 42

What are contained in the Interosseus compartment of the plantar foot?

Back 42

Dorsal/ plantar interosseus MM.

Front 43

What are the MM of Layer 1 of the plantar foot MM?

Back 43

Hallux/ digiti minimi Abductors
Flexor digitorum brevis (from medial calc tubercle)
(1st Flex the Abs)

Front 44

What are the MM of layer 2 of the plantar foot?

Back 44

FHL tendon
FDL tendon
Lumbricals
Quadradus Plantae
(F2LQ)

Front 45

What are the MM of layer 3 of the plantar foot?

Back 45

Medial and lateral head of FHL
Transverse and oblique head of adductor hallucis MM
Flexor digiti Minimi Brevis

Front 46

What is present in the 4th MM layer of the plantar foot?

Back 46

Dorsal and plantar interosseus MM
Deep plantar Arch AA is here, between third and 4th.
PAD
DAB

Front 47

What is the innervation to the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 47

Medial Plantar N- "3+1" Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis and 1st lumbrical.
Lateral Plantar= everything else.

Front 48

What are the two parts of the fibrous flexor sheaths?

Back 48

Anular Portions
Cruciform Portions
(Synovial Membrane)

Front 49

What is the relationship of the FDL and FDB tendons?

Back 49

FDB tendons ride superficial to FDL until it splits to two lateral slips at the PIPJ.
The tendons lie in the grooves formed by the plantar plates. Connected to the bones via vincula (includes blood supply)

Front 50

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Front 55

Back 55