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8 Cards in this Set
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Characteristics- Politics |
Politics – a lack of political stability to allow for long term planning, and/or a type of government that is often non democratic, governed by a minority and authoritarian in nature (such as a dictatorship)
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Characteristics- Economy
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very low incomes (an annual figure of less than $1,035 measured by GNI per capita) normally measured over a three-year period. A poorly DIVERSIFIED economy which makes it ECONOMICALLY VULNERABLE (measured by an Economic Vulnerability INDEX). This is based upon/measured by the share of manufacturing in the GDP (which for LDCs is often LOW), the share of the labour force in manufacturing industry (again LOW), the annual per capita energy consumption and merchandise export concentration levels (Low again). LDCs often have economies dominated by the primary industries.
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Characteristics- Social
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the population of these countries suffers from Human resource weaknesses, such as low education levels (using combined primary and secondary school enrolment, literacy rates ) and literacy, poor nutrition (see food supply issues on DES-calorie intake per capita), and human health (measured using life expectancy). This is measured by a HUMAN ASSETS INDEX.
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Characteristics-
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Ongoing and widespread conflict is also a characteristic of LDCs (including civil war and ethnic conflict, e.g. Darfur in Sudan, or the current conflicts in South Sudan and Iraq) whilst social vulnerability can also be measured by the percentage of the population displaced by natural disasters and conflict.
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Nepal- issue 1 - physical geo |
The poorest regions are the mid-western and far western regions, nearly 60% here live below the poverty line. these areas are remote hill mountain zones. Terrain is rugged and rainfall is low= poor quality soil. Himalayan zones. v. dry weather. despite improvement to transport, infrastructure the country is landlocked. 57% harder to grow its gdp. beside India which is booming and can control Nepal's boarders for trade and exports. |
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Nepal-issue 2- ability to use energy |
Nepal stores 83 megawatts of HEP. 43,000 of it alone is crucial for development. Nepal is neglecting 99% of its potential use. even small amounts of access would be able to export its goods to India in large surplus with a potential $2.7 billion earnings. this could lead to FDI to a 8% growth rate, meaning that 90% of the population would be above the poverty line by 2027. however the issue is that the govt is finding it a struggle to get legitimate fdi to invest in their HEP or that the cost of overcoming the huge physical impact. |
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Nepal-Issue 3- civil war |
1996-2006 killed 13,000, huge stance on development as 100,000 were displaced. it reduced economic growth by 2.3%. LEDCs are 14% likely to gather into civil war in any given 5 year period. Govt spent 10% on military vs 5% on health. 60% of the population have no piped sewage's and use buckets and the open field instead of indoor toilets. |
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Nepal- issue 4- Agriculture dependence |
takes up 75% of labour force, contributing 37% of gdp. compared to 10% of labour force in the service sector which makes up 50% of gdp. This is problematic as nepals yearly population growth is almost 2%. = high population density rates and limited land. Almost 70% of households have less than 1 hectare of land. This places an issue because present land has been overgrazed= further deforestation. More labour force in the service sector would increase their economy. |
