Lccw - Spinal Anatomy Ii - Lecture Midterm

Front 1

Name the Layer One Spinal Muscles

Back 1

Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi

Hint 1

These are the two most superficial muscles of the back. One is involved with the rotation of the scapula. The other muscle is commonly known as the swimmers muscle.

Front 2

Name the Layer Two Spinal Muscles

Back 2

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Hint 2

These three muscles are all innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve, rotate the scapula and insert on the medial border of the scapula

Front 3

Name the Layer Three Spinal Muscles

Back 3

Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Serratus posterior superior and Serratus posterior inferior

Hint 3

There are four muscles in this layer. Two of these muscles are 'blade-like' and run along the ribs and are involved with inspiration and expiration. The other two muscles only have a capitus and cervicis component.

Front 4

Name the Layer Four Spinal Muscles

Back 4

Iliocostalis lumborum, Iliocostalis thoracis, Iliocostalis cervicis, Longissimus thoracis, Longissimus cervicis, Longissimus capitis, Spinalis thoracis, Spinalis cervicis, and Spinalis capitis

Hint 4

These nine muscles can be split into three groups. One group starts from the ilium and goes to the ribs. The second group are named the 'long' muscles. The three group goes from SP to SP.

Front 5

Name the Layer Five Spinal Muscles

Back 5

Semispinalis thoracis, Semispinalis cervicis, Semispinalis capitis, Multifidus, Rotatores longus, Rotatores brevis, Interspinous, and Intertrasversarii

Hint 5

These eight muscles run from SP to SP, TP to TP, TP to SP (one, two and three to four segments above).

Front 6

Name the muscles of the Sub-occipital Muscle Group

Back 6

Rectus capitis posterior major, Rectus capitis posterior minor, Obliquus capitis superior, and Obliquus capitis inferior

Hint 6

Three of these muscles constitute the borders of the suboccipital triangle. The last muscle lies superior and medial to the triangle.

Front 7

For the Trapezius m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 7

Layer: One

Origin: EOP, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula

Action: Elevates the scapula, depresses scapula, rotation of the scapula superiorly, retracts the scapula

Nerve: CN XI, Spinal Accessory Nerve and Ventral rami C3-C4 (Sensory)

Hint 7

A cranial nerve innervates this superficial muscle which is triangular shaped with its base along the mid-line and its apex on the scapula.

Front 8

For the Latissimus dorsi m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 8

Layer: One

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process of T7-L5, iliac crests

Insertion: Interburcular groove of the humerus

Action: Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the humerus

Nerve: Thorcadorsal n. (C6-C8)

Hint 8

This is known as the swimmers muscle. It attaches to the humerus coming from a wide base in the low back region.

Front 9

For the Levator scapulae m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 9

Layer: Two
Origin: Transverse Processes C1-C4
Insertion: Superior portion of medial border of scapula
Action: Scapular Elevation and Rotation
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular N.

Hint 9

.

Front 10

For the Rhomboid minor m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 10

Layer: Two
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes C7 and T1
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Scapular retraction and rotation
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular N.

Hint 10

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Front 11

For the Rhomboid major m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 11

Layer: Two
Origin: Spinous processes T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
Action: Scapular retraction and rotation
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular N.

Hint 11

.

Front 12

For the Splenius capitis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 12

Layer: Three
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T4
Insertion: Mastoid Process, Superior nuchal line
Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion and Ipsilateralrotation of the head
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Cervical spinal nerves (upper)

Hint 12

.

Front 13

For the Splenius cervicis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 13

Layer: Three
Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse Processes C1-C4
Action: Cervical extension, lateral flexion and ipsilateralrotation
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves (middle, lower)

Hint 13

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Front 14

For the Serratus posterior superior m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 14

Layer: Three
Origin: Spinous process C7-T3
Insertion: Ribs 2-5
Action: Elevates the ribs (muscle of inspiration)
Nerve: Ventral Rami of thoracic spinal nerves (upper four)

Hint 14

.

Front 15

For the Serratus posterior inferior m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 15

Layer: Three
Origin: Spinous Processes of T11-L2
Insertion: Ribs 9-12
Action: Depresses the ribs (counteract the pull of diaphragm, a muscle of expiration).
Nerve: Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves (lower four)

Hint 15

.

Front 16

For the Iliocostalis lumborum m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 16

Layer: Four
Origin: Iliac crest, lateral and medial sacral crests, spinous processes of T11-L5
Insertion: Lower six ribs
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 16

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Front 17

For the Iliocostalis thoracis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 17

Layer: Four
Origin: Lower Six Ribs
Insertion: Upper Six Ribs
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of Vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 17

.

Front 18

For the Iliocostalis cervicis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 18

Layer: Four
Origin: Ribs 3-6
Insertion: Transverse Processes C4-C6
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 18

.

Front 19

For the Longissimus thoracis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 19

Layer: Four
Origin: Iliac Crest, Lateral and medial sacral crests, spinous processes of T11-L5, transverse and accessory processes of L1-L5
Insertion: All thoracic transverse processes and ribs 3-12
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of Vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 19

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Front 20

For the Longissimus cervicis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 20

Layer: Four
Origin: Transverse processes of T1-T5
Insertion: Transverse Processes of C2-C6
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 20

.

Front 21

For the Longissimus capitis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 21

Layer: Four
Origin: Articular Processes of C4-C7 and Transverse Processes of T1-T5
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of head
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 21

.

Front 22

For the Spinalis thoracis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 22

Layer: Four
Origin: Spinous Processes of T11-L2
Insertion: Spinous Process of T4-T8
Action: Extension of Vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 22

.

Front 23

For the Spinalis cervicis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 23

Layer: Four
Origin: Spinous Processes of C7-T2
Insertion: Spinous Processes C2-C4
Action: Extension of Vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Front 24

For the Spinalis capitis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 24

Layer: Four
Origin: This muscle is usually inseparable from semispinalis capitis
Insertion: Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Extension of head
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 24

.

Front 25

For the Semispinalis thoracis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 25

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse Processes T7-T12
Insertion: Spinous Processes C6-T4
Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion and Contralateral Rotation of the vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 25

.

Front 26

For the Semispinalis cervicis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 26

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse Processes T1-T6, and the articular processes C4-C7
Insertion: Spinous Processes C2-C5
Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion and Contralateral rotation of the vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 26

Some people do not have this muscle.

Front 27

For the Semispinalis capitis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 27

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse Processes T1-T6, and the articular processes C4-C7
Insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Extension and Contralateral rotation of the head
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 27

.

Front 28

For the Multifidus m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 28

Layer: Five
Origin: Posterior Portion of sacrum, PSIS, mamillary processes in lumbar region, all TP's in thoracic region, articular processes of C4-C7
Insertion: Spinous Process 3 of 4 segements above its origin, extending from C2-L5
Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion, Contralateral rotation of vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 28

.

Front 29

For the Rotatores longus m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 29

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse Processes C3-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5
Insertion: Spinous Process 2 segments above
Action: Extension and Contralateral Rotation
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 29

.

Front 30

For the Rotatores brevis m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 30

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse Processes C3-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5
Insertion: Spinous Process 1 segment above
Action: Extension and Contralateral Rotation
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 30

.

Front 31

For the Interspinous m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 31

Layer: Five
Origin: Paired muscles originating between C2-C3, extending from C2-T1, and T12-S1 connecting individual segmental levels
Insertion: Same as Origin
Action: Extensino of Vertebral Column
Nerve: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Hint 31

.

Front 32

For the Intertransversarii m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 32

Layer: Five
Origin: Transverse processes between adjacent vertebra, paired in cervical and lumbar regions.
Insertion: Same as Origin
Action: Lateral Flexion
Nerve: Ventral Rami of spinal nerves (except for medial lumbar fibers which are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves).

Hint 32

.

Front 33

For the Rectus capitis posterior major m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 33

Layer: Suboccipital Group
Origin: Spinous Process C2
Insertion: Inferior Nuchal Line
Action: Extension of head and ipsilateral rotation of head
Nerve: Suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

Hint 33

.

Front 34

For the Rectus capitis posterior minor m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 34

Layer: Suboccipital Group
Origin: Posterior Tubercle of atlas' posterior arch
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line
Action: Extension of head
Nerve: Suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

Hint 34

.

Front 35

For the Obliquus capitis superior m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 35

Layer: Suboccipital Group
Origin: Transverse Process C1
Insertion: Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines
Action: Extension and Lateral Flexion of head
Nerve: Suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

Hint 35

.

Front 36

For the Olbiquus capitis inferior m. give the following:

(Layer/Origin/Insertion/Action and Nerve)

Back 36

Layer: Five
Origin: Spinous Process of C2
Insertion: Tranverse Process of C1
Action: Ipsilateral Head Rotation
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve (Dorsal Rami of C1)

Hint 36

.

Front 37

I Love Spagetti Sauce / I Love Sloppy Seconds (not my favorite but for some people it works better) is the mnemonic referring to?

Back 37

Spinal Muscles from a lateral to medial orientation

I - Iliocostalis mm.
L - Longus mm.
S - Semispinalis mm.
S - Spinalis mm.

Hint 37

Goes Lateral to Medial

Front 38

Which muscles are innervated by the suboccipital nerve?

Back 38

All the muscles of the suboccipital group.
RCP Major & Minor / Obliquus Capitis Major & Minor

Hint 38

Think of the 'triangle' through which the suboccipital n. passes.

Front 39

A muscle with a lateral insertion and a medial origin would bring about what type of rotation upon contraction?

Back 39

Ipsilateral Rotation

Hint 39

Rotation on the Same Side

Front 40

A muscle with a lateral origin and a medial insertion would bring about what type of rotation upon contraction?

Back 40

Contralateral Rotation

Hint 40

Rotation on the opposite Side

Front 41

Flexion does what to the joint angle?

Back 41

Flexion decreases the joint angle

Hint 41

When your flexion your biceps your forearm and arm come closer together

Front 42

Extension does what to the joint angle?

Back 42

Extension increases the joint angle

Hint 42

Opposite of Flexion, extending your arms.

Front 43

Isometric Contraction

Back 43

Constant length of the muscle but internal tension increases

Hint 43

Iso - Same
Metric - Length

Front 44

Isotonic Contraction

Back 44

Constant muscle tension but the muscle length and can increase or decrease (eccentric and concentric)

Hint 44

Iso - Same
Tonic - Tone

Front 45

Concentric Contraction

Back 45

When a muscle shorten through constant tension and range of motion moving a load

Hint 45

The upward motion when doing pull-ups

Front 46

Eccentric Contraction

Back 46

The muscle lengthens with constant tension throughout the range of motion moving load

Hint 46

The downward motion when doing pull-ups

Front 47

Agonist

Back 47

A muscle that creates a desired movement of a bone or body part

Hint 47

.

Front 48

Antagonist

Back 48

A muscle that opposes the action of the agonist

Hint 48

Anti- opposition

Front 49

Synergist

Back 49

A muscle that aids the action of a prime mover (agonist) by effecting the same movement or by stabilizing joints.

Hint 49

Synergistic = together

Front 50

Abduction

Back 50

Moves the body part away from the midline

Hint 50

Think "abduction" - 'away'

Front 51

Adduction

Back 51

Moves the body part toward the midline

Hint 51

ADD-uction

Front 52

Retraction

Back 52

Movement posteriorly

Hint 52

pull back

Front 53

Protraction

Back 53

Movement Anteriorly

Hint 53

push forward

Front 54

Elevation

Back 54

Movement Superiorly

Hint 54

up

Front 55

Depression

Back 55

Movement Inferiorly

Hint 55

down