Laura S Anatomy And Phys Flashcards 1

Front 1

anatomical position

Back 1

body in standard postion
body erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides, palms forward

Front 2

directional terms

Back 2

used by medical atomists, allows them to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another

Front 3

superior (cranial or cephalad)

Back 3

toward the head end or upper body, the forehead is superior to the nose

Front 4

inferior (caudal)

Back 4

toward the lower structure of the body, below

Front 5

anterior (ventral)

Back 5

toward or at the front of the body, the breastbone is anterior to the spine

Front 6

posterior (dorsal)

Back 6

toward or at the backside of the body, the heart is posterior to the breastbone

Front 7

medial

Back 7

toward the middle of the body, the heart is medial to the arm

Front 8

lateral

Back 8

away from the middle of the body, the arms are lateral to the chest

Front 9

intermediate

Back 9

beytween a more medial and a more lateral structure, the armpit is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder

Front 10

proximal

Back 10

closer to the body's point of attatchment, the elbox is proximal to the wrist, the elbow is closer to the shoulder or attatchment part than the wrist

Front 11

distal

Back 11

farther from the orgin of the body part or point of attatchment, the knee is distal to the thigh

Front 12

superficial

Back 12

toward or at the body surface, the skin is superficial to the skeleton

Front 13

deep

Back 13

away from the body surface more internal, the lungs are deep to the ribcage

Front 14

abdominal

Back 14

anatomical body part, anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs

Front 15

anticubital

Back 15

anterior surface of elbow

Front 16

anatomical position

Back 16

body in standard postion
body erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides, palms forward

Front 17

directional terms

Back 17

used by medical atomists, allows them to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another

Front 18

superior (cranial or cephalad)

Back 18

toward the head end or upper body, the forehead is superior to the nose

Front 19

inferior (caudal)

Back 19

toward the lower structure of the body, below

Front 20

anterior (ventral)

Back 20

toward or at the front of the body, the breastbone is anterior to the spine

Front 21

posterior (dorsal)

Back 21

toward or at the backside of the body, the heart is posterior to the breastbone

Front 22

medial

Back 22

toward the middle of the body, the heart is medial to the arm

Front 23

lateral

Back 23

away from the middle of the body, the arms are lateral to the chest

Front 24

intermediate

Back 24

beytween a more medial and a more lateral structure, the armpit is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder

Front 25

proximal

Back 25

closer to the body's point of attatchment, the elbox is proximal to the wrist, the elbow is closer to the shoulder or attatchment part than the wrist

Front 26

distal

Back 26

farther from the orgin of the body part or point of attatchment, the knee is distal to the thigh

Front 27

superficial

Back 27

toward or at the body surface, the skin is superficial to the skeleton

Front 28

deep

Back 28

away from the body surface more internal, the lungs are deep to the ribcage

Front 29

abdominal

Back 29

anatomical body part, anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs

Front 30

anticubital

Back 30

anterior surface of elbow

Front 31

axillary

Back 31

armpit

Front 32

brachial

Back 32

arm

Front 33

buccal

Back 33

cheek area

Front 34

carpal

Back 34

wrist

Front 35

cervical

Back 35

neck region

Front 36

digital

Back 36

fingers toes

Front 37

femoral

Back 37

thigh

Front 38

inguinal

Back 38

area where thigh meets body trunk

Front 39

nasal

Back 39

nose area

Front 40

oral

Back 40

mouth

Front 41

orbital

Back 41

eye area

Front 42

patellar

Back 42

anterior knee

Front 43

peroneal

Back 43

lateral part of the leg

Front 44

pubic

Back 44

geniteal region

Front 45

sternal

Back 45

breatbone area

Front 46

tarsal

Back 46

ankle region

Front 47

thoracic

Back 47

chest

Front 48

umbilical

Back 48

navel

Front 49

median

Back 49

cut through the middle, back to the stomach

Front 50

frontal

Back 50

cut through the middle going through each arm

Front 51

transverse

Back 51

cut through the middle, at waist

Front 52

cephalic

Back 52

posterior, head

Front 53

deltoid

Back 53

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle, posterior

Front 54

gluteal

Back 54

buttock posterior

Front 55

lumbar

Back 55

area of back between ribs and hips

Front 56

occipital

Back 56

posterior surface of the head

Front 57

popliteal

Back 57

posterior knee area

Front 58

scapular

Back 58

shoulder blade region

Front 59

sural

Back 59

the posterior surface of the lower leg the calf

Front 60

vertebral

Back 60

area of spine

Front 61

plane

Back 61

where a section or cut is made

Front 62

sagittal organ

Back 62

cut made along the length wise longitudal, cuts body into right and left parts

Front 63

midsaggital or median section

Back 63

if the body is cut the median way and hte two sides are equal

Front 64

frontal section

Back 64

cut made length wise divides the body into andterior and posterior

Front 65

coronal section

Back 65

cut made length wise divides the body into andterior and posterior

Front 66

transverse section

Back 66

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 67

cross section

Back 67

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 68

dorsal body cavity

Back 68

two, subdivisions which are continuous with each other

Front 69

cranial cavity

Back 69

space inside the bony skull, where the brain occupies, dorsal

Front 70

spinal cavity

Back 70

extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column, surrounded by the vertebrae, dorsal

Front 71

ventral body cavity

Back 71

much larger, than dorsal cavity, contains all the structures with in the chest and abdomin, subdivided

Front 72

thoractic cavity

Back 72

superios ventral, organs protected by the rib cage

Front 73

diaphragm

Back 73

dome shaped muscle seperates the thoracid cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity

Front 74

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 74

inferior to the diaphragm, some divide it into the superior abdominal cavity, comtaining the stomach, liver, intestines, adn other organs and the inferior pelvic cavity with the reprductive organs, bladder, and rectum, sometimes divided into quadrants, sometimes divided into 9 regions

Front 75

umbilical region (abdominopelvic)

Back 75

centermost region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus

Front 76

epigastric (abdominopelvic)

Back 76

superior to the umbilical region

Front 77

hypogastric (abdominopelvic)

Back 77

inferior to the umbilical region

Front 78

right and left iliac or inguinal regions (abdominopelvic)

Back 78

lateral to the hypogastric region

Front 79

right and left lumbar regions (abdominopelvic)

Back 79

lie lateral to the unbilical cord

Front 80

right and left hypochondria regions

Back 80

flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs

Front 81

anatomy

Back 81

atudy of structure and shape and body parts and their relationship to on another greek word means to cut apart

Front 82

gross anatomy

Back 82

large easily observable structures, disecting dead things

Front 83

microscopic anatomy

Back 83

when using a microscope to see cause the creatures are very small, usually with cells and tissues

Front 84

physiology

Back 84

the study of how the body adn its part s work neurology-workings of the nervous system cardiac-function of the heart

Front 85

relationship between anatomy and physiology

Back 85

the parts of your body form a well organized unit, and each of those parts has a job to make the body operate as a whole

Front 86

atoms
the smallest unit of all living things
tissues
a structure, composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function in the body
organ system
highest level of structural organization, 11 total organisms, made up of organs

Back 86

chemical ladder, building blocks of water combine to form water, sugar, and protein
cells
consistes of groups of similiar cells witha common function
organ
a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose
orgaism

Front 87

integumentary system

Back 87

external covering of the body, the skin, waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury, excrtes salts and urea, temperature pressure and pain receptors

Front 88

skeletal system

Back 88

bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilages, supports and protects the body, bones store minerals

Front 89

hematopoiesis

Back 89

formation of blood cells, goes on with in the cavities of the skeleton

Front 90

muscular system

Back 90

muscles contract and shorten, skletal muscles, large fleshy muscles attatched to the bones, form the muscular system

Front 91

nervous system

Back 91

body's fast acting control system, brain, spinal cords, nerves, and sensory resptors, sends messages,

Front 92

endocrine system

Back 92

produces and releases hormones into the blood hormones,

Front 93

endocrine glands

Back 93

pituary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, amd testes, secrete hormones

Front 94

hormones

Back 94

produced in endocrine system, conteol growth, reproduction, and food

Front 95

cardiovascular system

Back 95

heart and blood vessels, carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to and from tissue, wbc's help protect the blood, while the heart "pumps blood"

Front 96

lymphatic system

Back 96

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, adn other lymphoid organs, return leaked fluids to the blood, lymph nodes-cleanse the blood and help the cells involved in immunity

Front 97

repiratory system

Back 97

keep body constantly supplied with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, trachea, bronchi, and lungs-where gas is exchanged

Front 98

digestive system

Back 98

tube from mouth to anus, mouth, stomach, intestines, rectum, they break down food and deliver the products, reclaim water, pancreas-delivers digestive enzymes

Front 99

urinary system

Back 99

rids the body of nitrogen containing wastes, aka excretory system,

Front 100

reproductive system

Back 100

primarily to produce offspring,

Front 101

what main 8 things does the human body do?

Back 101

movement, maintaining boundaries, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

Front 102

maintaining boundaries

Back 102

bodys containg a exterior membrane, the integumentary skin, keeps organs from drying out

Front 103

movement

Back 103

includes all activities promoted by the muscular system, also occurs on the internal structure

Front 104

responsiveness

Back 104

irratibility, the ability to sense changes in the environment and to react to them, mainly done by the nervous system

Front 105

digestion

Back 105

process of breaking down indigested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all blood cells,

Front 106

metabolism

Back 106

all the chemical reactions that occur in the body, ATP molecules-energy rich molecule that power cellular activities, depends on digestive and repiratory system, regulated chiefly buy hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine

Front 107

excretion

Back 107

removing wastes, several organs

Front 108

reproduction

Back 108

production of offspring, regulated by hormones, uses sperm and eggs

Front 109

growth

Back 109

increase in size, increase in number of cells,

Front 110

survival need s

Back 110

nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, adn atmospheric pressure

Front 111

nutrients

Back 111

chemicals used for energy and cell building, carbohydrates are major energy providing fuel proteins and fat used for building, fats cushion,

Front 112

oxygen

Back 112

chemical actions that release energy from food 20% air we breathe

Front 113

receptor

Back 113

some type of sensor that monitors and responds to change in the environment, responds to stimuli

Front 114

afferent pathway

Back 114

information flows from one control center

Front 115

control center

Back 115

determines the level (set point at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information that it recieves and then determines the appropriate response or coarse of action

Front 116

effector

Back 116

provides the means for the control centers output, either continues it or shuts it off

Front 117

negative feedback mechanisms

Back 117

most homeostatic mechanisms are this, shut off origingal stimulus to reduce its intensity

Front 118

positive feedback

Back 118

much more rare in the body, do not require continuous adjustments, blood clotting and childbirth

Front 119

homeostatic imbalance

Back 119

when homeostasis is disturbed, results in disease and aging

Front 120

water

Back 120

the single most abundant chemical substance in the body and provides the fluid base for body excretions .

Front 121

body temperature

Back 121

37%, cant drop or rise to high

Front 122

atmospheric pressure

Back 122

the force exerted on the body by the weight if air , high or low atmospheres affect it