Latin-Stage-1 Culture

Front 1

Stage-1-Caecilius-Where did Caecilius live? Describe town.

Back 1

Pompeii.
1st century AD.
Foot of Mt. Vesuvius.
Bay of Naples.
Population 10k.

Front 2

Stage-1-Caecilius-Who was Caecilius and what did he do?

Back 2

Citizen of Pompeii.
Rich banker mainly but also auctioneers, tax collector, money lander and farmer. Dealt in slaves, cloths, property and timber.
Ran a cleaning and dyeing business along with some other shops.

Front 3

Stage-1-Caecilius-Explain Latin names.

Back 3

Lucius Caecilius Icundus.
Lucius (personal name like modern fist name )
Caecilius (shows he is member of Caecilii clan – very important in Rome; strong feeling of loyalty in them)
Icundus (Name of own family and close relatives; icundus means pleasant)

Front 4

Stage-1-Caecilius-Explain rights of Roman citizens.

Back 4

Could vote in election. Protected against unjust treatment.
Slaves had no rights and masters had full powers them. But they could not put one to death without good reasons.

Front 5

Stage-1-Metella-Explain responsibilities of Roman women.

Back 5

Had greater freedom than other Mediterranean women.
Responsible for efficient home management. Had nearly equal freedom as men.
Could shop, visit friends and run business freely.

Front 6

Stage-1-Metella-Name some jobs women had in Rome.

Back 6

Cook, hair dresser, banker, doctor, shoe maker, silver smith.

Front 7

Stage-1-Metella-Name one influential Pompeian woman. Her Importance?

Back 7

Eumachia.
Wealthy business women, who gave donation that built clothe worker’s meeting hall in Pompeii.

Front 8

Stage-1-Houses-Which houses did wealthy people live in?

Back 8

Townhouses, different from townhouses today.

Front 9

Stage-1-Houses-Name townhouse features.

Back 9

Came up to side walk. No garden or grass. Small windows to let light in, but maintain temperature. Houses could be one or two storied. Didn’t look inviting. Shops on sides could be rented out.

Front 10

Stage-1-Houses-Explain usual house plan.

Back 10

After ianua (door) was atrium (main hall). Compluvium (Open in roof) let rain water collect in the impluvium (pool to collect rain water). In the corner was lararium (god shrine). Floor of atrium was paved with marble slabs or mosaic. Walls were plastered. Pompeian liked red, orange and blue. These panels had scenes from roman stories, especially Greek myths.
Around atrium was cubicula (bed rooms), tablina (study) and triclinium (dining room). Entrances weren’t doors, but heavy curtains. From first area people walked through either study or narrow passage to second part. This was peristylium (garden court), made up of column surrounding hortus (garden). Often elaborately decorated with careful arrangements. In small fish pond in middle, a small fountain threw up a jet of water. Marble statues of heroes and gods were here and there.

Front 11

Stage-1-Houses-Explain how Pompeian thought about their houses.

Back 11

Houses weren’t private places restricted to close family and friends. Instead much social life and business was conducted from home. Business with most visitors will be done in atrium. More important ones were invited in tablinum (study). Very close friends and high ranking officials would be able to dine in triclinium or relax in peristylium, with the family.

Front 12

Stage-1-Houses-How did poor people live?

Back 12

Poor shopkeepers had a room or two above their shops. In large cities like Rome, many people lived in insulae (apartment buildings), several stories high, some of them in very poor conditions.

Front 13

Stage-2- Daily Life-What time did Caecilius and his slaves get up?

Back 13

Caecilius at dawn, slaves even earlier to clean the house.

Front 14

Stage-2- Daily Life-How did Caecilius dress?

Back 14

Put on: first tunic, then a toga, then shoes, which were like modern sandals

Front 15

Stage-2- Daily Life-How did Metella dress?

Back 15

First stola( full length over-tunic) then in going out, a palla (large rectangular shawl)

Front 16

Stage-2- Daily Life-What was breakfast?

Back 16

Light, of the a cup of water and a piece of bread

Front 17

Stage-2- Daily Life-What was Caecilius’ first duty in the day?

Back 17

Receive greetings from poor people and former slaves. Hand out small sums of money to them. Help them as best as possible if they were in any kind of trouble. In return, they would accompany him on business trips and public appearances to show their support for him.

Front 18

Stage-2- Daily Life-After visitors, what next?

Back 18

If no more home business to conduct, go to forum, spend rest of day trading and banking.

Front 19

Stage-2- Daily Life-What’s lunch for Caecilius?

Back 19

Light meal, meat or fish followed by fruit

Front 20

Stage-2- Daily Life-What’s after lunch for Caecilius?

Back 20

Business ended shortly after lunch. Then was a short siesta before going to the baths.

Front 21

Stage-2- Daily Life-What’s dinner for Caecilius?

Back 21

Main meal of the day. During winter, inner triclinium near atrium was used. Summer used outer one looking out in the garden. Began with light dishes to prepare appetite. Eggs, fish, and vegetables were served. Then came main course, could consist of elegantly cooked foods like beef, mutton, and poultry. Desert consisted of fruits, nuts, cheese, and sweet dishes.

Front 22

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-Explain location and region of Pompeii.

Back 22

Low hill of volcanic rock, 5mi from Mt. Vesuvius. One of many prosperous towns in Campania region. Outside town, many villas and estates owned by wealthy Romans attracted to region by pleasant climate and peaceful surroundings.

Front 23

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-What is the total area and defense of Pompeii?

Back 23

163 acres. Surrounded by wall having 11 towers and 8 gates. Roads led out from gates to Herculaneum, Nola, Nuceria, Stabiae-, and the harbor

Front 24

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-How is Pompeii organized?

Back 24

Two main streets of shops and Stabiae street, cross near the center of the town. Other streets, mostly in straight lines divided town neatly into blocks. Most streets didn’t have names.

Front 25

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-How were streets constructed?

Back 25

Streets made of volcanic stones, and high paved sidewalks.

Front 26

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-Explain the shopping areas.

Back 26

In main streets, bakers’ shops and bars sold drinks and snacks. Main shopping areas were forum and along Street of Shops northeast of Stabian baths. Carved/painted signs announced type of store: goat-diary, hammer and chisel-stonemason. Ads and public notices painted on whitewasher walls outside shops and houses.

Front 27

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-What is the forum?

Back 27

Center for local government, business, and religion on western end of town.

Front 28

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-Theaters?

Back 28

Large open air theater for large audiences (up to 5k people). Roofed smaller one for concerts and other shows. Amphitheater for gladiator fights and animal hunts. Could seat everyone in Pompeii and visitors from other towns as well

Front 29

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-Some nationalities in Pompeii?

Back 29

Romans, Greeks, Spaniards, Jews, Africans, Syrians, and more

Front 30

Stage-3-Town of Pompeii-What was the water system in Pompeii?

Back 30

Brought by aqueducts from hills, stored on large tanks on high ground at northern side. Pressure by tank water allowed good flow through underground lead pipes to all parts of town. Fountains were on street corners where water could be drawn, but wealthy people paid to have water piped directly into their homes.

Front 31

Stage-4-Forum-Things in forum?

Back 31

Business, local government, religion

Front 32

Stage-4-Forum-Statues in forum?

Back 32

Commemorated emperor and members of family and citizens who gave distinguished service to the town

Front 33

Stage-4-Forum-What does colonnade do?

Back 33

Surrounded forum on 3 sides, provides corridor where people can walk, shielded from sun or rain.

Front 34

Stage-4-Forum-Was wheeled traffic allowed?

Back 34

No, a row of upright stones at each entrance blocked all wheeled traffic.

Front 35

Stage-4-Forum-Who was the official responsible for policing the forum?

Back 35

Aedile.

Front 36

Stage-4-Forum-Sketch building around forum. Give details.

Back 36

Front 37

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-What is the frequency of plays?

Back 37

Only at festivals held several times during the year.

Front 38

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Who did not hurry?

Back 38

Council members and important citizens, due to reserved seat for them in the orchestra. Tokens told entrance and where to sit.

Front 39

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-What is size in main seating areas?

Back 39

5 k in cavea

Front 40

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-What is roofed theater?

Back 40

Odeon

Front 41

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Explain stage and adjacent buildings.

Back 41

Scaena and scaena frons. Scaena frons had 3 or 5 doorways, entire front decorated with columns and niches.

Front 42

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-What is admission?

Back 42

Free. All expenses paid by a wealthy citizen to benefit other citizen and to gain popularity for election.

Front 43

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-How did Pompeian keep cool?

Back 43

Mainly by large canvas awning, managed by sailors. When windy, it did not work. Then, hats and sunshades were used. In between plays, attendants sprinkled scented water.

Front 44

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Explain a popular type of play.

Back 44

Pantomine, mixture of opera and ballet plot, usually serious, taken from Greek myths.

Front 45

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Who were the actors

Back 45

Usually Greek slaves or freedmen, admired for skill and stamina, attracts large following of friends.

Front 46

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Explain comic actors

Back 46

Comic actors like Actius and Sorex were equally popular as the Pantomine actors. Acted in vulgar farces and one act-plays put on at the end of long performances. Packed with rude jokes and slapsticks. Familiar characters were Pappus, old fool and Manducus, greed clown.

Front 47

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-Explain masks.

Back 47

Characters were instantly recognizable from masks made of linen which was covered with plaster and painted.

Front 48

Stage 5-Theater at Pompeii-What special plays were put on festivals?

Back 48

Sometimes, comedies of playwright Plautus and Terence were put on had a number of familiar characters, but plots were more complicated and dialogs more witty than farces.