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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A gerund is a
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verbal noun
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A gerundive is a
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verbal adjective
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A gerundive is formed from the
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infinitive
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A gerundive is translated
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like an infinitive "to be..."
can also be translated "bound to be..." "about to be..." with a future certainty being expressed. |
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A gerundive is the same as
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a future passive participle
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a gerundive is contructed like an adjective formed from a verb
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Conjugation: 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -io 4th
Present stem: ama- mone- reg- cap- audi- Gerundive: amandus, -a, -um monendus, -a, -um regendus, -a, -um capiendus, -a, -um audiendus, -a, -um N.B. in the 3rd -io and 4th conjugations there is -ie- before the -ndus. Gerundives decline exactly like bonus, -a, -um. |
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ad + gerundive
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ad + noun in accusative + gerundive agreeing with accusative, used to indicate purpose (it is, therefore, roughly equivalent to ut + subjunctive).
ad carmina componenda (for the purpose of composing poems) |
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gerundive + form of sum
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indicates necessity or obligation
Karthago delenda est. Carthage must be destroyed. haec officia perficienda erant. These duties had to be done. |
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an agent when there is a gerundive + form of sum (showing obligation) is in which case?
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dative.
haec tibi facienda sunt. These things must be done BY YOU. i.e., YOU must do these things. |
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participles are
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verbal adjectives
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As verbals, participles can do something that ordinary adjectives can not do. Participles can have
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objects:
Catching the *ball*, the receiver fell to his knees. Reading the *Latin poem*, the lady swooned. Studying *participles*, the students sat in silent amazement. |
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Name the four participial forms
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present active
future active future passive perfect passive |
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the present active and future passive participles are formed how?
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with the second principle part + the ending -ns (present) or -ndus (future): audiêns - audiendus
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the perfect passive and future active participles are formed how?
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with the fourth principle part +
the endings -tus (perfect) or -urus (future) |
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are participles declined?
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yes, like 1st,2nd, and 3rd decl. adjectives
-us, -a, -um, The present participles will almost always have an -NT- element right before the ending, except for the nominative singulars and neuter accusative singulars. Here are some examples of singular participial forms. Notice how the neuter accusatives replicate the nominatives, and how they are marked by and ending of -NS. Nom amâNS monêNS capiêNS Gen amaNTis moneNTis capieNTis Dat amaNTî moneNTî capieNTî Acc M-F: amaNTem N: amâNS M-F: moneNTem N: monêNS M-F: capieNTem N: capiêNS Abl amaNTî /-e moneNTî /-e capieNTî /-e All of the plural forms have the -NT- element. Nom M-F: amaNTês N: amaNTia M-F: moneNTês N: moneNTia M-F: capieNTês N: capieNTia Gen M-F-N: amaNTium M-F-N: moneNTium M-F-N: capieNTium Dat M-F-N: amaNTibus M-F-N: moneNTibus M-F-N: capieNTibus Acc M-F: amaNTês N: amaNTia M-F: moneNTês N: moneNTia M-F: capieNTês N: capieNTia Abl M-F-N: amaNTibus M-F-N: moneNTibus M-F-N: capieNTibus |
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translate
amans, amantis |
loving (present active)
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translate amandus,a, um
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to be loved (future passive)
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translate amatus, a, um
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having been loved, loved
(perfect passive) |
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translate amaturus, a, um
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about to love (future active)
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