Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Caesar's full name?
|
Gaius Julius Caesar
|
|
|
Birthday?
|
July 12, 100 BCE
|
|
|
Traced ancestry back to where?
|
Iulus, son of Aeneas, son of Venus
|
|
|
Studied deeply what?
|
oratory and rhetoric
|
|
|
Where and with whom did he study oratory?
|
To the island of Rhodes with Apollonius Molo.
|
|
|
Whom (and whose daughter) and when did he marry
|
83 BC Cornelia, daughter of Cinna
|
|
|
What was his daughter's name with Cornelia? Whose wife did she become?
|
Julia, married Pompey
|
|
|
Whom did Caesar marry after Cornelia died and whose cousin was she?
|
Pompeia, cousin of Pompey
|
|
|
Who was Caesar's third wife? And the daughter of whom?
|
Calpurnia, daughter of Piso
|
|
|
What were the two political parties?
|
The Optimates and the Populares
|
|
|
To which political party did Caesar belong.. whom did this anger?
|
The Populares, which angered Sulla, the optimates' leader.
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected quaestor?
|
68 BCE
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected aedile?
|
65 BCE
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected praetor?
|
62 BCE
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected consul?
|
59 BCE
|
|
|
What did Caesar start on when he became a quaestor?
|
cursus honorum
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected pontifex maximus?
|
63 BCE
|
|
|
When was Caesar elected propraetor?
|
61 BCE
|
|
|
With whom and what did Caesar form in 60 BCE?
|
With Crassus and Pompey, the FIrst Triumverate
|
|
|
When did Caesar become proconsul?
|
58 BCE
|
|
|
When did the civil war brake out between Caesar and Pompey?
|
49 BCE
|
|
|
Where did Caesar defeat Pompey?
|
Pharsalus in Greece in 48 BCE
|
|
|
What happened at the Battle of Zela?
|
47 BCE in Pontus, Caesar defeated King Pharnaces
|
|
|
What happened at the Battle of Thapsus?
|
46 BCE in north africa, Caesar beat the remnants of the Pompeian forces
|
|
|
What happened at the Battle of Munda ?
|
45 BCE in Spain, Caesar annihilated the armies of Pompey's sons
|
|
|
When did Caesar become the dictator for life and Imperator?
|
45 BCE
|
|
|
When was Caesar killed?
|
On the Idea of March, March 15, 44 BCE
|
|
|
What happened between Caesar and Sulla?
|
Caesar married Julia, the son of a leader of the Populares, opposing Sulla, the leader of the Optimates. Caesar first fled, but later was pardoned. Yet, tensions remained.
|
|
|
What happened between Caesar and the pirates?
|
Going to Rhodes in 76 BCE, Caesar was captured by pirates and held for ransom. He was released, and true to his word, crucified the pirates.
|
|
|
Caesar and Bibulus
|
Bibulus was Caesars co-consul. He was nothing compared to Caesar.
|
|
|
What was one of Caesar's famous sayings and what was its significance?
|
Alea iacta est (the die is cast). After Caesar was ordered to give up the command of his army and realized he had many enemies, he crossed the Rubicon and marched to Rome, knowing he was defying the Senate and.. It means basically, there is no turning back now, ( the point of no return )
|
|
|
When did Caesar say Veni, Vidi, Vici?
|
Upon reporting to the Senate of his swiftness in the Battle of Zela, he said these words.
|
|
|
What are two of Caesar's literary works?
|
Commentaries on the Gallic War and Commentaries on the Civil War
|
|
|
What are the pedites?
|
Footsoldies (infantry), of Roman citizens between ages of 17-46
|
|
|
How were the infantry (legionary soldiers) units divided?
|
1. Legio, 3600 men divided into 10 cohorts 2. Cohors. 360 men into three maniples 3. Maniples 120 men into two centuries. 4. Centuria. 60 men (originally 100 men=name)
|
|
|
What were the two groups of the auxiliary troops?
|
The pedites and the equites
|
|
|
What were the exploratores and speculatores?
|
The scouts and spies sent ahead of the army to secury information about the enemy and terrain.
|
|
|
What was a dux?
|
the commanding officer or general. If he won, he became knowon as the imperator
|
|
|
What were the legati (legatus)?
|
One under the dux. They commanded the legions and advised the general and were in charge of the hiberna
|
|
|
What were the hiberna?
|
winter quarters
|
|
|
What were the quaestores?
|
They handled pay, military equipment, and the food supply
|
|
|
What were the tribuni militum?
|
These were the lowest ranking commission officers. They came from good familys but had no previous military experiance. They commanded a legion in a camp or on a march, supervised drills.
|
|
|
What were the centuriones?
|
They were noncommissioned officers of plebian origin (equivalent to sergeants) They were experiqaanced soldiers who rose by means of virtue
|
|
|
What was a tunica?
|
A short-sleeved woolen undergarment, reaching almost to the knees
|
|
|
What was the sagum?
|
A woolen cloak for sever weather, which could also serve as a blanket
|
|
|
What were caligae?
|
Leather shoes with heavy hobnailed soles, fastened on by straps.
|
|
|
What was a lorica?
|
A cuirass, or breastplate, made of leather and strengthened with metal bands.
|
|
|
What was a galea?
|
a helment of leather or metal, often ornamented with creast
|
|
|
What was a scutum?
|
A curve, rectangular shield, made of wood. It had leather on the outside with a rim of metal.
|
|
|
What was a pilum?
|
A javelin of 6 feet.
|
|
|
What was a gladius?
|
A heavy, pointed, two-edged sword, about two fleet long. It was effective for stabbing.
|
|
|
What was the main food ration of the legionary?
|
Frumentum (grain)
|
|
|
What was the standard of the legion?
|
The aquila (eagle). It was made of silver of bronze mounted on a pole and carried by the aquilifer.
|
|
|
What was the standard of the cohort or maniple?
|
The signum. It was carried by the signifer
|
|
|
What was the standard for the auxilaries?
|
It was the vexilium, a rectangular flag attached to a staff.
|
|
|
What was the formation of the legion?
|
The acies triplex.
|
|
|
What was the first line of battle?
|
The prima acies made up of 4 cohorts (experianced soldiers)
|
|
|
What was the second line of battle?
|
The secunda acies made up of 3 cohorts... to relieve the wounded or fallen soldiers of the first line
|
|
|
What was the third line of battle?
|
THe tertia acies consisted of the 3 cohorts remaining. They were the reserve and a defense against an attack.
|
|
|
What were the two things used as signals in battle?
|
The tuba... a straight instrument and the cornu... a large curved instrument, both made of metal
|
|
|
How was the marching formation divided?
|
The primum agmen (scouts, cavalry and light-armed infantry)...the agmen (the main column on legionary troops) and the novissimum agmen (the least experianced soldiers)
|
|
|
What was an iter magnum?
|
A forced march for about 25 miles.
|
|
|
What was a fossa?
|
A ditch or trench dug around the camp
|
|
|
What was a agger?
|
An embankment constructed from the earth of the fossa surrounding the entire camp
|
|
|
What was the praetorium?
|
The general's tent or quarters, situated near the middle of the camp
|
|
|
What was the tabernacula?
|
The tent of the soldiers, made of leather. Each had 10 men
|
|
|
There were four vigiliae. called...
|
prima, secunda, tertia and quarta vigilia
|
|
|
What was the name of an attack on a fortifed place?
|
Oppugnatio
|
|
|
What was the name of a siege?
|
Obsidio
|
|
|
What was the aries?
|
A ram used to batter down the enemy's wall
|
|
|
What was the testudo?
|
The tortoise formation. It was a screen formed by the overlapping of shields held aboce the heads of soldiers as they moved forward in close formation. Or a wooden shed with a slanting roof
|
|
|
What was the turris ambulatoria
|
A huge, moveable, wooden tower so the besiegers could reach the top fo the enemy wall.
|
|
|
There were three types of tormenta (artillery)
|
ballista, a meachine of hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood, a catapulta, a machine for hurling large arrows and javelins, and a scorpio, a light catapult for hurling stones and darts
|
