Latin American Spanish Grammar

Front 1

Definite Article:

Back 1

El/La - The (Singular)

El - Masculino

La - Fememino

Los - plural

Las - plural

Front 2

Gender of nouns:

Back 2

Nouns ending in -o are usually: masculine

Nouns ending in -a are usually: feminine

Change the o to a

Add -a to the consonant

However, - ista endings remains the same for both masculino y femenino

Front 3

Indefinite Article:

Back 3

Un (masculino) - a

Una ( femenino) - una

Unos - plural

Unas - plural

Front 4

Noun

Back 4

Is a part of speech that serves as a subject or object. Usually addresses a person, place, thing, quality, or action.

Hint 4

El hotel

Front 5

Adjective

Back 5

Is a word that modifies a noun ( or pronoun) to make it more specific. Must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

Hint 5

Un señor mexicano

Front 6

Subject Pronouns

Back 6

Yo I

Tú you (familiar)

Usted you (polite or formal)

Él. He

Ella. She

Nosotros. We (masculino/femenino)

Ustedes. You (plural)

Ellos. They (m)

Ellas They (f)

Front 7

Adverb

Back 7

Are used to provide more information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Hint 7

Add - mente

Ending in -o, change to -a and then add -mente.

Front 8

Clause

Back 8

Is a group of words within a sentence which has its own subject and verb. A main clause functions on its own; a subordinate clause is dependent on another clause.

Front 9

Comparative and Superlative

Back 9

When we make comparisons we need the comparative form of the adjective. In English this usually means adding-er to the adjective or putting more in front of it. The Spanish equivalent is más.

Front 10

Demonstrative

Back 10

Are words like este, esta, esos, esas are called demonstrative adjectives when they go before a noun; if the demonstratives are used instead of a noun, they are called demonstrative pronouns, and have a written accent.

Este/Esta- this

Esos/Esas - those

Front 11

Clause

Back 11

Is a group of words within a sentence which has its own subject and verb. A main clause functions on its own; a subordinate clause is dependent on another clause.

Front 12

Preposition

Back 12

Are used to indicate a relationship between two words or phrases, linking them together. They are often used to indicate relationships of location, direction, or time.

Hint 12

A - to,at

Ante - before, in The presence of

Bajo - under

Con - with

Contra - against

De - from, made, in

En - in, on, at

Hasta - until, as far as

Para - for (directions), for(with pronouns), for/by (with time phrases), in order to

Por - by, during, vía, through, along, around, per, because

Front 13

Subject

Back 13

Are pronouns that identify who or what is performing the action of a verb

Front 14

Tense

Back 14

Changes in the verb which indicate aspects of time

Front 15

Comparative and Superlative

Back 15

When we make comparisons we need the comparative form of the adjective. In English this usually means adding-er to the adjective or putting more in front of it. The Spanish equivalent is más.

Front 16

Demonstrative

Back 16

Are words like este, esta, esos, esas are called demonstrative adjectives when they go before a noun; if the demonstratives are used instead of a noun, they are called demonstrative pronouns, and have a written accent.

Este/Esta- this

Esos/Esas - those

Front 17

Finite verb

Back 17

A verb form such as the one in “they work hard” is said to be finite because it indicates tense, person and number.

Front 18

Gerund

Back 18

The forms of the verb ending in -ando and -iendo.

Front 19

Number

Back 19

Is used to indicate whether something is singular or plural

Hint 19

Vowels add -s

Consonant add - es

Front 20

Irregular verbs

Back 20

Are verbs which do not behave according to a set pattern.

Front 21

Mood

Back 21

The verb forms can change depending on:

1. Indicative: used to talk about actions, events, or states that are believed to be facts or true.

2. Imperative: commands, directions, or instructions

3. Subjunctive: wishes, emotions, impersonal expressions, recommendations, doubt/denial, ojalá

Front 22

Number

Back 22

Is used to indicate whether something is singular or plural

Front 23

Pronoun

Back 23

Is a word that’s used in place of a noun, noun phrase, or person