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26 Cards in this Set
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Caudillos |
when: came about in the mid 1800s who: ex- Manuel de Rosas what: Lat. Am. dictator, use force and fear to enforce rules, portrayed as men of the people, have loyal supporters where: Central America |
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Monroe Doctrine |
when: 1825 who: named after president Monroe what: US decree, declared that no more Europeans were welcome in LatAm, it was basically an empty threat where: all Latin America |
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Juan Manuel de Rosas |
when: came into office in 1830 who: caudillo what: was a land owner, in favor of ranches, had a private army loyal to only him, forced ppl to wear red to support the govt where: Argentina |
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Diego Portales |
when: 1830s who: part of the elite, stabilized Chile what: came up with a new constitution -pres. had immense power -term limit of 5 yrs (2 terms) -stricter voting qualifications where: Chile |
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Guano Trade |
when: 1820s-1840s who: British what: British exploited the guano (bird poop) mounds in Peru for fertilizer and gun powder, it was 80% of the economy by the 40s until it ran out and the economy fell where: Guano, Peru |
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Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty |
when: 1845, After Mex-Am War who: treaty btw US and Mexico what: established Rio/Cali border, US gave Mexico $15 mill for Texas an Cali, Mexico looses 40% of territory |
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Domingo Sarmiento
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when: 1860-70s who/what: liberal president, makes reforms that grow economy and technology by: foreign investment eugenics railroads,roads, electricity, dams focus on education where: Argentina |
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Eugenics |
when: 1970- 80s who: approved by Sarmiento what: selective breeding, pick the best people and make them reproduce, no mixing, sterilization of inferior ppl, encouraged Europeans to come to Argentina where: Argentina |
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War of Triple Alliance |
when: 1865-70s who: Brazil, Uruguay, Chile v. Paraguay what: after attacks on the border of Paraguay, the triple alliance invades Paraguay, very bloody, they removed Lopez (pres) and try to recreate govt, citizens start a guerrilla war & BUC withdrawals where: Paraguay |
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Porfirio Diaz |
when: 1876 who: mestizo, marries into creole family what: conservative caudillo, fixed elections, had a police force called Rurales (establish order in rural areas, 5 pillars: church support army support haciendas scientist foreign investors where: Mexico |
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PRI |
when: 1920 till 2000 won every election who: what: political party = "Institutional Revolutionary Party," after the mexican revolution where: Mexico |
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Ejidos |
when: peak in 1960 who: unskilled farmers or peons what: communal farms, 23% of Mexico's farm land was ejidos, poor land, ppl had no business training, knowledge or equipment, low yields where: Mexico |
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United Fruit Company, UFCO |
when: 1900s who: US companies join together to form UFCO what: build railroads to transfer bananas, UFCO bribes leader and are known as Banana Republics, corruption & exploitation, low wages for workers, workers strike = govt killes them bc UFCO told them to where: land bought in Honduras, Guatemala, Venz, Columbia, etc |
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Batllismo |
when: 1910 who: President Jose Batlle y Ordonez what: Uruguay political group, enacted reforms for welfare, calls for high taxes on imports to promote industry/economy, public ed (women too), min wages, regulate working benefits where: Uruguay |
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Indigenismo |
when: 1910-20s what: cultural nationalism, celebrates their culture even if its a racial mixture, celebrate indigenous aspects of culture and aztec culture, sambo, tango, mambo where: mexico |
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Fidel Castro |
when: 1960 who: president of Cuba - communist what: hid in mountains of Cuba for 2 years and gain support from the people, became cuban leader after Batista, They wear same dress and beards, he is merciless when getting to his goals, land reforms spark an argument that leads to the US putting an embargo on Cuba |
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School of Americas |
when: 1960s what: The US established training schools in Panama, bring in USA military officials to train Latin officers , they suggest the use of torture and only worry about internal rebellions Labeled “School of Dictators” where: Panama |
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Desaparecidos |
where: Cuba what: "the disappeared people", those people who opposed the gov't would become "disappeared" - tortured or killed, The Madres de Plaza de Mayo could protest bc it would look bad to disappear when: 1960s |
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Augusto Pinochet |
who: Chilean leader what: leads chilean overthrow, executes 1000s of Allendes supporters, takes over universities, media, etc where: Chile when: 1970s |
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El Mozote |
what: town in El Salvador, gov't massacred them all at night bc he thought they were hosting Marxist Guerillas, ppl were innocent, wrong time when: 1980s |
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Contras |
when: 1980s who/what: counter revolutionaries, anti-communist guerrillas, Iran contras affair = Reagan admin sell weapons to iran and give money to contras where: Nicaragua |
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Zapatistas |
when: 1995 where: Mexico what: kinda like political guerillas, looked like guerillas, opposed NAFTA, patterned themselves after Che, advocated for the Mayans, non-violent, stopped PRI and had free elections |
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Pablo Escobar |
where/what: columbian drug lord, US gives $3 billion columbia gets help to stop him, buys off officials, gets captured and killed when: 1990s |
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Papa Doc |
what: worts dictator, medical doctor, brutally executed everyone who disagreed w him, said he used voodoo and could curse ppl, secret police force, who/where: president of Haiti when: 1950s-70s |
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Liberation Theology |
what: opposes unjust social and political structures, interpretation of the christian faith through the poor and suffering, helped the poop |
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Jacobo Arbenez |
who: Guatemala leader what: didnt sign declaration of Carcas, it was an anti communist bill and all other countries signed it except Guatemala, bought guns from communists, Guatemala suffered bc of this |
