Latin America Exam 2

Front 1

Revolution

Back 1

Existing structure of power isoverthrown, usually by violence, in a way that leads to a long-termreconstruction of the political, economic and social order

Front 2

Revolution of Rising Expectations

Back 2

–Inabilityor unwillingness of national leaders to accommodate mass demands and risingexpectations
–growingdisparity between the rich and the poor

–increasingpopular discontent
–lackof channel for peaceful change

Front 3

Che Guevara

Back 3

Ernesto "Che" Guevara, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist.

Front 4

Fidel Castro

Back 4

Fidel Castro is a Cuban politician and revolutionary who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008.

Led a revolution against the Batista Administration from 1953-1959

Front 5

Bay of Pigs

Back 5

A failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored Cuban Freedom Fighters on 17 April 1961

Front 6

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 6

A 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba. It played out on television worldwide and was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

Front 7

Cuban Revolution - 1959

Back 7

The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the US-backed authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.

Front 8

1979- Nicaraguan Revolution

Back 8

Was the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to violently oust the dictatorship in 1978-79

Front 9

Desaparecidos

Back 9

A person who has disappeared, presumed killed by members of the armed services or the police.

Front 10

Augusto Pinochet

Back 10

was dictator of Chile between 1973 and 1990 and Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army from 1973 to 1998. He was also president of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981.

Front 11

Salvador Allende

Back 11

Salvador Allende was a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.

Front 12

Dirty War

Back 12

Argentinian state terrorism from 1974 - 1983 where the military junta tortured and executed anyone who was a left-wing guerrillas, political dissidents, and anyone believed to be associated with socialism.

Front 13

Procedural Democracy

Back 13

Democracies are identified by how they form agovernment and the way in which people participate in the process – distinguishphilosophical ideas of democracy from what is actually attainable

Front 14

Substantive Democracy

Back 14

democracyis not just about how a government is formed – also about the outcomes ofpolicies which should make society more equal

Front 15

Torturer Problem

Back 15

How Latin American governments dealt with previous governments torture of the citizens - either ignore, grant clemency, or prosecute.

Front 16

FTAA and NAFTA

Back 16

The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) is a trade agreement currently under negotiation that would expand the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to include 31 additional nations in the Western Hemisphere.

NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement

Front 17

Hyperinflation

Back 17

Is a situation where the price increases are so out of control that the concept of inflation is meaningless.

Argentina and Bolivia experienced it in the 1980s

Front 18

Privatization

Back 18

The transfer of ownership of property or businesses from a government to a privately owned entity.

What Chile, under Pinochet, and Bolivia did.

Front 19

Populism

Back 19

Masspolitics – using modern technologies to mobilize working class or peasants –driven by charismatic personality using radical rhetoric – establishauthoritarian legitimacy through nationalism

Front 20

Lost Decade

Back 20

Was a financial crisis that originated in the early 1980s (and for some countries starting in the 1970s) when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it.

Front 21

dirigismo

Back 21

The State monitoring of economic and social matters.

Front 22

Hugo Chavez

Back 22

Dictator of Venezuela, hated The United States of America, and thought the entire world was out to get him. Avidly worked to oppose supposed imperialism in Latin America and set up an alliance against the USA and NATO.
Also friends with Iran, North Korea, and other unfriendly nations.

Front 23

Bolivarian Revolution

Back 23

Refers to a leftist social movement and political process in Venezuela started by Chavez.

Seeks to build a mass movement to implement Bolivarianism—popular democracy, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to political corruption

Front 24

Monoroe Doctrine

Back 24

Was a U.S. foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

Front 25

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 25

States that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly.

Front 26

Domino Theory

Back 26

A theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

Front 27

Policy of Containment

Back 27

A United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence.

Front 28

Reagan Doctrine

Back 28

Switch from containment – now “roll back”communism in LA by supporting groups who fight against it

Front 29

2002 National Security Strategy

Back 29

1.Provide Defense – includes defense,prevention and PREEMPTION
2.Extending freedom, democracy, and freeenterprise to every corner of the globe – moral and strategic imperative(defines democracy as procedural and neoliberal)Strategy “Free trade is true freedom.”