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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Term for the system in which one country takes over another
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colonialism
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Social class in the Americas made up of people from Spain who possess most of the wealth and all the power
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peninsulares
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Social class in the Americas made up of people of Spanish blood born in America; possess wealth but not power
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criollos/creoles
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Ethnic group made up of people of mixed European and Native American heritage
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mestizos
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Ethnic group made up of people of mixed European and African heritage
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mulattos
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Peninsulare acting as governor of a colony
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viceroy
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Group of peninsulares sent by the king to monitor the activities of the viceroy
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audiencia
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People responsible for converting people to Christianity; also provided hospitals, schools, and protection for the Native Americans
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missionaries
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Economic system in which a colony exists to provide raw materials to the mother country and the mother country sells manufactured goods to the colony; purpose is for mother country to get rich
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mercantilism
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Economic system in which Native Americans had to work for Spanish colonists the entire year
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encomienda
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Economic system in which Native Americans had to work part of the year for the Spanish colonists
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repartimiento
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Cycle of debt many Native Americans were trapped by - must work for colonists until debt is paid off
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peonage
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term refers to a social class system where some classes are higher than others
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social hierarchy
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European movement in which philosophers questioned where power came from - leads to Latin American revolutions (and American and French)
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Enlightenment
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Caribbean island which contains two countries: Haiti and Dominican Republic
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Hispaniola
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First Latin American country to achieve independence
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Haiti
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Ex-slave who led independence movement in Haiti against the French
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Led independence against the French in Haiti
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Jean-Jacques Dessalines
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Known as the Liberator; freed northern South America from Spanish control
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Simon Bolivar
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Name for the country Simon Bolivar tried to establish in northern South America; doomed to fail due to its size
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Gran Colombia
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term for when people who feel loyalty to their local area instead of their nation due to geographic features that separate them from others
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regionalism
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Independence leader of Argentina; helped free southern South America from Spanish rule; known as the "Knight of the Andes"
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Jose de San Martin
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Names of two criollo priests who led Native Americans and mestizos against Spanish rule in Mexico
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Jose Morelos and Miguel Hidalgo
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Independence leader of Chile
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Bernardo O'Higgins
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Reasons why democracy failed after Latin American independence movements were over
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Lack of education
No experience with democracy Power of military and church |
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Three groups who formed an oligarchy in Latin American countries following independence
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military
catholic Church landowners |
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military dictator
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caudillo
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rule by a few
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oligarchy
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