Lathe Machine

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is a machine tool, which holds the work piece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post, which is held against the revolving work. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right angles to the axis of the work.

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Lathe

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One of the common types of lathe

a. Woodworking lathe b. Centering lathe c. Polishing lathe d. Metal spinning lathe

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Speed Lathe

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a. Belt driven lathe b. Individual motor driven lathe c. Gear head lathe

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Engine lathe

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3. Bench lathe 4. Tool room lathe 5. Semi-automatic lathe a. Capstan lathe b. Turret lathe 6. Automatic lathe 7. Special purpose lathe a. Wheel lathe b. Gap bed lathe c. ‘T’ lathe d. Duplicating lathe 8. Computer Numeric Control lathe (CNC lathe)

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Common types of lathe

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is a heavy, rugged casting and it carries the headstock and tailstock for supporting the work piece and provides a base for the movement of carriage assembly, which carries the tool.

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Bed

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is provided in the left hand side of the bed and it serves as housing for the driving pulleys, back gears, headstock spindle, live centre and the feed reverse gear. The headstock spindle is a hollow cylindrical shaft that provides a drive from the motor to work holding devices.

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Headstock

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The quick-change gearbox is placed below the headstock and contains a number of different sized gears.

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Gear box

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Is located between the headstock and tailstock and serves the purpose of supporting, guiding and feeding the tool against the job during operation.

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Carriage

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is an H-shaped casting mounted on the top of lathe ways. It provides support to the cross-slide, compound rest and tool post.

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The saddle

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is mounted on the top of saddle, and it provides a mounted or automatic cross movement for the cutting tool.

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The cross slide

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is fitted on the top of cross slide and is used to support the tool post and the cutting tool.

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The compound rest

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is mounted on the compound rest, and it rigidly clamps the cutting tool or tool holder at the proper height relative to the work centre line.

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Tool post

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is fastened to the saddle and it houses the gears, clutches and levers required to move the carriage or cross slide. The engagement of split nut lever and the automatic feed lever at the same time is prevented she carriage along the lathe bed.

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Tool post

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Is a movable casting located opposite the headstock on the ways of the bed.

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Tailstock

The tailstock can slide along the bed to accommodate different lengths of work piece between the centers. A tailstock clamp is provided to lock the tailstock at any desired position.

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also known as a power screw is a screw, moves the carriage by a precise increment for every rotation of the screw.

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Lead Screw

The lead screw is made with square, acme, or buttress type threads.

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is an accurate and versatile machine, on which many operations can be done on this machine.

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Engine lathe

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is the process of removing metal from the end of a work piece by using a single point cutting tool, to produce a flat surface. Figure shows the details of facing operation.

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Facing

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Is the process of providing a small tapered hole at end of a work piece by using centering tool, which can helpful to accommodate and support a running centre in the tailstock.

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Centering

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is the process of removal of metal from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical work piece

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Turning

Turning is used to reduce the diameter of the work piece, usually to a specified dimension, and to produce a smooth finish on the metal.

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Is the process of cut off the work piece at a specific length by using a blade-like cutting tool. It is normally used to remove the finished end of a work piece from the bar stock that is clamped in the chuck.

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Parting

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Is the process of making holes at the end face of the work piece by using a drill bit, fixed with drill chuck, clamped at tailstock.

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Drilling

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Is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled or cast, by using a single point cutting tool or boring head containing several such tools.

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Boring

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is the process of finishing a drilled or bored hole with great degree of accuracy. The drilled or bored hole not always is straight or accurate.

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Reaming

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is a process of making easy-to-grip geometric pattern on a finished outer surface of work pieces like handles, knobs, rollers, etc. to hold them firmly.

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Knurling

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is a process of produces a convex, concave or any irregular profile on the work piece by using a form tool.

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Forming

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is a process of bevelling the extreme end of a work piece. This is done to remove the burrs and sharp edges from the extreme end of the work piece.

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Chamfering

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is a process of cutting very accurate screw threads by using a single point cutting tool, which is the process of guiding the linear motion of the tool bit in a precisely known ratio to the rotating motion of the work piece.

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Thread cutting

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In order to identify or to purchase a lathe machine, certain standard of specification must be considered

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Lathe specifications

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are used to hold and rotate the work pieces along with the spindle

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Work holding devices

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Work pieces of short length, large diameter and irregular shapes, which cannot mounted directly between centres, held quickly and rigidly in

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Chunks