Lateral Cervical Region

Front 1

Where does the upper limb begin?

Back 1

Lateral Cervical region

Front 2

Describe the Bones of the Neck

Back 2

7 Cervical vertebrae:
C1 (atlas) – no body or spinous process; anterior & posterior arches; transverse foramina.
C2 (axis) – dens; small body; bifid spinous process; transverse foramina.
C3-C6 – bifid spinous process; transverse foramina.
C7 (vertebra prominens) – spinous process not bifid; transverse foramina.

Front 3

Whate are the Dermatomes and Cutaneous Nerves of the Neck?

Back 3

Dermatomes: C2 – C4
Cutaneous Nerves: C2-C4 branches of the cervical plexus.

Front 4

Describe Cutaneous Nerves

Back 4

nerves which supply certain areas of skin

contain sensory fibers from one or more spinal cord segments, and can also contain sympathetic motor fibers from the autonomic nervous system to smooth muscle and glands within the skin.

Front 5

Name the Fasciae of the Neck

Back 5

Superficial Cervical fascia, Deep Cervical Fascia, Carotid Sheath

Front 6

What is associated with Superficial Cervical fascia?

Back 6

Platysma Muscle

Front 7

Name the Deep Cervical Fasciae and Function

Back 7

Investing Fascia: surround muscles of the neck
Pretracheal fascia: surround trachea, esophogus, and thyroid
Prevertebral Fascia: surround vertebrae and vertebral muscles

Front 8

Describe the Carotid Sheath

Back 8

goes from skull to the thorax and surrounds:
1. Common and internal carotid arteries
2. internal jugular vein
3. vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 9

Posterior Cervical Triangle (PCT) Boundaries:

Back 9

Anterior border: Sternocleidomastoid m.
Posterior border: Trapezius m.
Middle 1/3: Clavicle
Apex: Superior nuchal line
Roof: Investing cervical fascia
Floor: Muscles covered by prevertebral cervical fascia

Front 10

Subdivisions of the PCT:

Back 10

Subdivided by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle into occipital triangle and omoclavicular triangle.

Front 11

Muscles in the floor of the PCT:

Back 11

Splenius capitis m.
Levator scapulae m.
Posterior scalene m.
Middle scalene m.
Anterior scalene m.

Front 12

List the Muscles of the PCT

Back 12

Trapezius, splenius capitis, and levator scapulae muscles
Sternocleidomastoid m.
Omohyoid m. (inferior belly)
Scalenus mm. (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)

Front 13

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Innervation

Back 13

Motor: Accessory n. (CNXI)
Sensory: C2 & C3 nn.

Front 14

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Actions

Back 14

Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck, rotates face upward to opposite side.
Bilateral: Extends neck at AO joint; flexes neck at cervical vertebrae.

Front 15

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Attachments

Back 15

Superior Nuchal Line, Mastoid Process, Clavicle, Manubrium

Front 16

Describe Torticollis

Back 16

"Wry Neck"
Unilateral contraction of the SCM causes the head to tilt to the affected side and the face to turn upward toward opposite side.

Front 17

Describe the Types of Torticollis

Back 17

Congenital muscular: Due to birth trauma to SCM or intrauterine malposition.

Acquired: Due to trauma, tumor, or infection.

Spasmodic (cervical dystonia): Chronic neurological movement disorder.

Front 18

Omohyoid Muscle Innervation

Back 18

Ansa cervicalis (C1,C2,C3)

Front 19

Omohyoid Muscle Actions

Back 19

Depresses, retracts, and stabilizes hyoid bone

Front 20

Omohyoid Muscle Atachments

Back 20

Superior Belly attaches to hyoid
Inferior Belly attaches to superior border of scapula

Front 21

Anterior, Middle, Posterior Scalene Muscle Innervation

Back 21

Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves (C4-C8).

Front 22

Anterior, Middle, Posterior Scalene Muscle Actions

Back 22

Laterally flex neck; accessory muscles of respiration.

Front 23

Anterior, Middle, Posterior Scalene Muscle Attachments

Back 23

Anterior and Middle Scalenes both originate from TP of C3 –C6

Posterior Scalene descends to Rib 2

Front 24

List the Contents of the PCT

Back 24

External jugular vein
Cervical plexus: cutaneous branches (C2-C4)
Spinal Accessory Nerve :(CNXI)
Transverse cervical & suprascapular arteries
Subclavian Artery (3rd part)
Subclavian Vein (inconsistent)
Occipital Artery
Brachial plexus (C5-C8,T1): roots and trunks
Cervical lymph nodes

Front 25

Describe the External jugular Vein in the PCT

Back 25

runs superficial to SCM; drains into subclavian v.

Front 26

Describe the Cutaneous Branches of the cervical plexus in the PCT

Back 26

emerge from deep to SCM at Erb’s point:
Lesser occipital n. (C2)
Great auricular n. (C2,3)
Transverse cervical n. (C2,3)
Supraclavicular nn. (C3,4) (Medial, Intermediate, Lateral)

Front 27

What can cause Prominence of External Jugular Vein?

Back 27

Increased pressure in the right side of the heart due to congestive heart failure (CHF), pulmonary edema, or superior vena cava obstruction.

Front 28

Describe the Accessory Nerve in the PCT

Back 28

CN XI
Emerges from deep to SCM, crosses the PCT, passes deep to trapezius.

Front 29

Name the Vessels of the PCT

Back 29

Transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk)
Suprascapular artery
Subclavian artery (3rd part)
Subclavian vein
Occipital artery (in apex of PCT)

Front 30

List the Parts of the Subclavian Artery in the PCT

Back 30

Part 1: med to ant. scalene
Part 2: deep to ant. scalene
Part 3: lat to ant. scalene

Front 31

Branches of Part 1 of the Subclavian Artery in the PCT:

Back 31

med to ant. scalene:
1. Vertebral artery
2. Internal thoracic artery
3. Thyrocervical trunk
a. Inferior thyroid artery (Ascending cervical artery)
b. Transverse cervical artery
c. Suprascapular artery

Front 32

Branches of Part 2 of the Subclavian Artery in the PCT:

Back 32

deep to ant. scalene:
Costocervical trunk
a. Deep cervical artery
b. Supreme intercostal artery

Front 33

Branches of Part 3 of the Subclavian Artery in the PCT:

Back 33

lat to ant. scalene:
Dorsal scapular artery (sometimes)

Front 34

Nerves of the Lateral Neck:

Back 34

Cervical Plexus (C1 to C4)
Brachial Plexus ( C5 to T1)

Front 35

Describe the Cervical Plexus

Back 35

Branches (C1-C3) to anterior neck muscles
Cutaneous branches (C2-C4) to skin of anterior and lateral neck
Sensory Nerves to Trapezius (C3-C4) and SCM (C2-C3)
Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5) to Diaphragm

Front 36

What are the Roots of the Brachial Plexus?

Back 36

Ventral rami of C5,6,7,8,T1.

Front 37

Describe the Brachial Plexus and the PCT

Back 37

Enter the PCT thru the interscalene triangle (across Ribe 1) between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
Trunks of the Brachial Plexus pass through the PCT to get to the Axilla

Front 38

Describe the Trunks of the Brachial Plexus

Back 38

Upper (C5,C6)
Middle (C7)
Lower (C8,T1)

Front 39

Describe a Neck Stinger

Back 39

Nerve Pinch Injury
A stinger or "burner" is a nerve injury resulting from trauma to the neck and shoulder.
Its primary symptom is burning pain that radiates down one upper limb, and can cause numbness and weakness in that limb.

Front 40

What can cause a Neck Stinger?

Back 40

A. Stretching of the brachial plexus.
B. Direct blow to the brachial plexus.
C. Compression of the brachial plexus.