Last Quiz

Front 1

antigenic drift

Back 1

minor changes that occur naturally in influenza virus antigens as a result of mutation

Front 2

antigenic shift

Back 2

major changes in the antigenic composition of influenza viruses that result from reassortment of viral RNA during infection of the same host cell by different viral strains

Front 3

directly-observed therapy short course

Back 3

method used to ensure that patients comply with their TB treatment; the healthcare worker watches while patient takes each dose of medication

Front 4

extensively drug resistant TB

Back 4

TB caused by strains of myobacterium tb resistant to the first line anti-TB medications isoniazid and rifampicin and at least three of the second-line anti TB meds

Front 5

mucocilliary escalator

Back 5

layer of mucus moved by cilia lining the respiratory tract that traps bacteria and other particles and moves them through the throat

Front 6

multidrug resistant TB

Back 6

TB cause by strains of mycobacterium tb resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin - two of the first line anti TB medications

Front 7

otitis media

Back 7

infection of the middle ear

Front 8

pharyngitis

Back 8

inflammation of the throat

Front 9

pneumonia

Back 9

inflammation of the lungs accompanied by filling of the air sacs with fluids such as pus and blood

Front 10

sputus

Back 10

pus and other materials coughed up from the lungs

Front 11

tubercle

Back 11

granuloma formed in tb; granulomas are collections of lymphocytes and macrophages found in a chronic inflammatory response, an attempt by the body to wall of and contain persistent organisms and antigens

Front 12

abcess

Back 12

a localized collection of pus with a tissue

Front 13

carbuncle

Back 13

painful infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues; manifests as a cluster of boils

Front 14

exfoliatin

Back 14

a bacterial toxin that causes sloughing of the outer epidermis

Front 15

folliculitis

Back 15

inflammation of hair follicles

Front 16

furuncle

Back 16

a boil; localized skin infection that penetrates into subcutaneous tissue

Front 17

impetigo

Back 17

a superficial skin disease characterized by thin-walled vesicles, oozing blisters and yellow crusts

Front 18

pyoderma

Back 18

any skin disease characterized by production of pus

Front 19

fasciitis

Back 19

inflammation of the fascia, which are bands of fibrous tissue that underlie the skin and surround muscle and body organs. when fasciitis leads to death of tissue, it is called necrotizing fasciitis

Front 20

granulation tissue

Back 20

new tissue formed during healing of an injury

Front 21

MRSA

Back 21

methicillin-resistant staph aureus; many strains have acquired R plasmids; making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial medications

Front 22

Pus

Back 22

yellowish fluid composed of proteins, living and dead leukocytes, and tissue debris

Front 23

pyogenic

Back 23

pus-producing

Front 24

superantigen

Back 24

molecules that bind to and stimulate helper T cells, resulting in overproduction of cytokines and sometimes fatal shock

Front 25

synergestic infection

Back 25

an infection in which two or more species of pathogens acts together to produce an effect greater than the sum of effects if each pathogen were acting alone

Front 26

fermented foods

Back 26

foods intentionally altered during production by encouraging the activity of bacteria, yeasts and molds

Front 27

food preservation

Back 27

increasing the shelf life of foods by preventing the growth and activities of microorganisms

Front 28

food spoilage

Back 28

undesirable biochemical changes in foods

Front 29

foodborne infection

Back 29

an illness that results from consuming a food product contaminated with microbes that colonize the host and cause disease

Front 30

foodborne intoxication

Back 30

an illness that results from consuming an exotoxin produced by a microorganism growing in a food product

Front 31

water activity

Back 31

the relative amount of water available for microbial growth; pure water has a activity of 1.0

Front 32

bubo

Back 32

an enlarged, tender lymph node characteristic of plague and some sexually transmitted infections

Front 33

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Back 33

condition in which clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body, causing organ failure

Front 34

endocarditis

Back 34

inflammation of the heart valves or lining of the heart chambers

Front 35

lymphangitis

Back 35

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

Front 36

petechiae

Back 36

small, purple spots on the skin and mucous membranes caused by hemorrhage from small blood vessels

Front 37

pneumonic

Back 37

referring to the lung

Front 38

sepsis

Back 38

acute illness caused by an inflammatory response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the bloodstream

Front 39

septic shock

Back 39

a range of effects that results from a systematic inflammatory response to a bloodstream infection or circulating endotoxin; effects include fever, drop in blood pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation