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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the body type of nematodes
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unsegmented and cylindrical or threadlike
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What is the infectious agent for Ascariasis?
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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What is the largest human roundworm?
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Ascariasis
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What color is the Ascaris lumbricoides?
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white or pink
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What is the reservoir for Ascariasis?
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Humans and eggs in soil
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In the Life cycle for Ascariasis, how long after eggs are passed in hosts feces do the second stage larva develop inside of the egg?
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In three weeks
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What is the mode of transmission for Ascariasis?
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Ingesting eggs in contaminated food or soil
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What is the incubation period for Ascariasis?
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4-8 weeks
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Pneumonitis, Wheezing, Coughing, and a severe complication of bowel obstruction are signs and symptoms of what nematode?
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Ascariasis
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How are patients diagnosed with Ascariasis?
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Identifying eggs in feces
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Where are adult Ascaris lumbricoides worms found?
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In the mouth, nose and anus
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What is the treament for Ascariasis?
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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Ancylostomiasis is another name for what nematode?
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Hookworm Disease
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Uncinariasis ia another name for what nematode?
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Hookworm Disease
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Necatoriasis is another name for what nematode?
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Hookworm Disease
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What are the infectious agents for Hookworm Disease?
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Necator americanus
Ancylostoma ceylonicum Ancylostoma duodenale |
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What is the reservoir for Necator americanus?
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Humans
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What is the reservoir for Ancylostoma duodenale?
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Humans
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What is the reservoir for Ancylostoma ceylonicum?
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Cats and Dogs
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Where does Ascariasis occur?
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Tropical and sub-tropical regions
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In the life cycle of Ascariasis, how does the filariform larva enter the Host?
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The filariform larva enters the host through hair follicles, pores, broken skin
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In the life cycle for Ascariasis, once the parasite has entered the host, where does it move to?
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The parasite moves to the heart and lungs via the lymphatic system
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What is the mode of transmission for Ascariasis?
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Infective larvae penetrate the skin
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What are signs and symptoms of Ascariasis?
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Anemia, Gastroenteritis
Children with heavy infections mat develop hypoproteinemia and may be retarded in mental and physical growth |
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What is used to treat Ascariasis?
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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Strongyloides stercoralis is the infectious agent for what nematode?
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Strongylodiasis
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In the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis after the juvenile parasites are passed in feces what do they molt into?
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Juvenile parasites molt into either infective filariform larva and penetrate the skin of the host
or Free-living rhabditiform larvae |
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In the life cycle of Strongylodiasis where do juvenile mature into parasitic females?
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Juveniles mature into parasitic females in the small intestines
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What is the mode of transmission for Strongyloidiasis?
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Direct contact with fecally contaminated soil
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What is incubation period for Strongyloidiasis?
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2-4 weeks
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Abdominal pain resemblng ulcer and Pruritic dermatitis radiating from the anus are signs and symptoms for which nematode?
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Strongyloidiasis
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How is Strongyloidiasis diagnoses?
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By identifying larva in feces or sputum
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What medication is used to treat Strongyloidiasis?
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Thiabendazole (Mintezol)
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What nematode is also known the whipworm disease?
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Trichuriasis
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Tricuris trichiura is the infectious agent for which nematode?
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Trichuriasis
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What is the reservoir for Trichuriasis?
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Humans
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In the Life cycle for Trichuriasis, what is the infective stage?
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The first stage larva develops inside the egg in the weeks
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In the Life cycle for Trichuriasis, how long does the larva remain near the crypts of Lieberkuhn?
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For 3-10 days
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In the Life cycle for Trichuriasis where does the parasite move to after reaching adolescence?
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Reaching adolescence it moves to the cecum
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In the Life cycle for Trichuriasis, how long from ingestion until the adult matures and lays eggs?
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It is 30-90 days
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What is the mode of transmission for Trichuriasis?
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Ingesting contaminated vegetables
It is not transmitted person to person |
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Bloody muciod stools and Anemia and clubbing fingers in children are the signs and symptoms for what nematode?
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Trichuriasis
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What medication is used to treat Trichuriasis?
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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What is Trichinosis also known as?
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Trichinellosis
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Trichinella spiralis is the infectious agent for what nematode?
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Trichinosis
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What is the reservoir for Trichinellosis?
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Dogs and cats
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Where does Trichinosis occur?
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Worldwide
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What does host ingest to become infected with Trichinellosis?
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Hosts ingest raw or undercooked pork containing infective juvenile larva
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In the Life cycle for Trichinosis, after how long can sexes be differentiated?
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18-24 hours
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In the life cycle for Trichinosis, after female deposits juvenile larva, what in the body do they enter?
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The juvenile larva enter lymphatics and blood stream
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In the Life cycle for Trichinosis, after juvenile larva enter the lymphatics and blood stream, where are they carried?
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These are carried to :
Muscles where they encyst Organs where they are absorbed |
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What is the mode of transmission for Trichinosis?
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Eating raw or partially cooked pork
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What is the incubation period for Trichinellosis?
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8-15 days
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What are early signs and symptoms for Trichinellosis?
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Muscle soreness
Swollen upper eyelids |
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Retinal hemorrhage, photophobia, fever, cardiac and neurological complications are signs and symptoms of which nematode?
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Trichinella spiralis
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With Trichinellosis, what temperature does the fever rise to and how long does it last?
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Up to 104 degrees F
Stops after 1-6 weeks |
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Where does Dracunculiasis occur?
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Africa and Asia
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What is the reservoir for Dracunculiasis?
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Human
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How does the life cycle of Dracunculiasis begin?
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Infected Human comes in contact with water
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In the Life cycle for Dracunculiasis, what eats the larva that leaves the blister on the infected human?
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Copepod from the genus Cyclops
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In the life cycle for Dracunculiasis, how long after eating the larva does the copepod become infective?
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3 weeks
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In the life cycle for Dracunculiasis, how do humans become infected with the disease?
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Humans ingest water infected with copepods
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In the life cycle for Dracunculiasis, after larva exit the wall of the digestive tract where do they move to?
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Larva exit the the wall of the digestive tract and move to the SQ tissue
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What is the mode of transmission for Dracunculiasis?
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Ingesting copepods in infected water
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What is the pathogenicity of Dracunculiasis?
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Infection of SQ tissue
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How is Dracunculiasis diagnosed?
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By visualizing the adult worm protruding from a skon lesion
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How would you control Dracunculiasis?
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Keep infected people from entering drinking water sources
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How is Dracunculiasis treated?
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Tetanus
Antibiotic ointment and bandage Surgically remove the worm |
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What is the infectious agent for Bancroftian filariasis?
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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What is the infectious agent for Malayan od Brugian filariasis?
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Brugia malayi
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What is the infectious agent for Timorean filariasis?
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Brugia timori
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What is the reservoir for all species of filariasis?
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Humans
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What is the reservoir for B. malayi?
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Cats and non-human primates in the Phillipines and Thailand
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Where does W. bancrofti occur
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Warm humid regions of the world
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Where does B. malayi occur?
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India, China, Korea
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Where does B. timori occur?
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Indonesia
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How are Humans infected with the filariasis parasite?
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Humans are infected with juveniles when bitten by an infected mosquito
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In the life cycle of filariasis, once the juveile has entered the host, where does it migrate to?
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Lymph nodes
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In the life cycle for filariasis, where does the parasite molt twice and reach sexual maturity?
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In the lymph nodes
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In the life cycle for Filariasis, after the female produces microfilariae, where do they end up?
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In the blood stream
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In the life cycle for Filariasis, what does the mosquito ingest during her blood meal?
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Microfilariae
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In the life cycle for Filariasis, how long does it take for microfilariae to develop into infective juveniles?
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1-3 weeks
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What is the mode of tranmission for filariasis?
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Bite of an infected mosquito
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The bite of an infected mosquito of what species causes Bancrofti filariasis?
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Culex, Anopheles, Aedes
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The bite of an infected mosquito of what species causes Brugian or Malayan filariasis?
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Mansoni, Anopheles, Aedes
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The bite of an infected mosquito of what species causes Timorean filariasis?
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Anopheles barbirostris
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Microfilariae appear in the blood after 3-6 month with which type of filariasis?
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Malayan
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Microfilariae appear in the blood after 6-12 month with which type of filariasis?
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Bancroftian
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What are acute signs and symptoms of Bancroftian filariasis?
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Recurrent filarial fever
Lymphadenitis |
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What are signs and symptoms of occult filariasis in Bancroftian filariasis?
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Recurrent nocturnal asthma
Low-grade fever |
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What medication is used to treat filariasis?
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Banocide
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What is Loiasis also known as?
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Calabar swelling
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What is the reservoir for Loiasis?
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Humans
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Where does Loiasis occur?
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African Rainforests
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What is the infectious agent for Loiasis?
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Loa loa
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What is the mode of transmission for Loiasis?
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Bite from an infected deer fly of the genus Chrysops
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How long can Loa loa persist in humans?
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up to 17 years
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What is the infectious agent for Onchoceriasis?
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Onchocerca volvulans
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Whats is the reservoir for Onchocerciasis?
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Humans
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Where does Onchocerciasis occur?
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South America
Central America Africa |
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In the life cycle for Onchocerciasis, what ingests micofilariae during her blood meal?
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Black fly
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In the life cycle for River Blindness, after how long do microfilariae change into infective juveniles in thoracic muscles?
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6-10 days
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In the life cycle for Onchocerciasis, where in the black fly do juveniles migrate to?
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Proboscis
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In the life cycle of Onchocerciasis, what does the body form around the worms?
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Nodules
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In Onchocerciasis, what do nodules contain?
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Worms and microfilariae
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What is the pathogenicity of River Blindness?
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Infection of SQ tissue
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Pruritis rash, Dermatitis altered pigmentation and loss of skin elasticity and lymphadenitis are signs and symptoms of what parasite?
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Onchocerciasis
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What medication is used to treat Onchocerciasis?
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Ivermectin (Mectizan)
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Pinworm infection is an alternate name for what parasite?
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Enterobiasis
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Oxyuriasis is another name for what parasite?
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Enterobiasis
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What is the infectious agent for Enterobiasis?
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Enterobius vermicularis
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What is the reservoir for Enterobiasis?
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Humans
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Within how many hours do enterobius vermicularis eggs become infective?
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6 hours
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Where do Enterobiasis worms mature?
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in the large intestine
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Where do Enterobiasis eggs hatch?
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In the small intestine
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How does the female pinworm parasite lay her eggs
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The female crawls out of the anus to lay her eggs (this is usually in the morning)
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In the life cycle or Enterobiasis, what crawls back into the anus?
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juvenile worms
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What is the mode of transmission for Enterbiasis?
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Fecal-oral
Indirectly by clothing, bedding, food |
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Perianal itching, disturbed sleep, and vulvovaginitis are signs and symptom for what parasite?
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Enterobiasis
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What is the treatment for Oxyuriasis?
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Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth)
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