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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by manifest destiny
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Americas destiny to expand from "sea to shining sea". God has given all of North America to the US
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The creole incident
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Creole was an american slave ship sailing from VA to NO and it was hijacked by slaves. Slaves sailed the ship to the bahamas which was british land and they let them stay there as free men.
Most successful american slave revolt and sign of tension between the american and the british. |
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Webster Ashburn treaty in 1841
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A treaty written between US and Britain. A compromise about the Maine border. Paved the way for better relation between the two countries
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How american colonization of texas first came about
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Mexican government encouraged moses austin and his son steven to bring in settlers. They would become mexican citizens and there would be no slavery and they were to convert to catholicism.
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Why mexico started to feel threatened by american settlers (4)
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They didnt convert, they brought in slaves, and complained about lack of self government. Government of US had offered to buy texas
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How mexican policy toward americans changed in 1830 (3)
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no more americans can come in, enforce the end of slavery, and restrictions on local self government
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How americans responded to mexicos change in policy
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set up provisional government and had constitution which allowed slavery. Set up the alamo
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How texas achieved its independence
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captured santa ana and forced him to sign a treaty giving texas its independence
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How the texas annexation was achieved
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tyler thought there was too much opposition in the senate to sign a treaty with texas so texas was annexed to US through a joint resolution in congress
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how the competition of oregon country changed after the early ninteenth century
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france and spain gave up their claims. Russia established boundary 54-50. only americans and britains will be fighting for it
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Oregon fever
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enthusiasm for miving to oregon in the 1840s. major migration westward, people went down the oregon trail
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The 54/40 fight
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americans wanted to take oregon country. Americans demanded the brits to clear out and threatened to fight if they didnt
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The major issue in the election of 1814
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National expansion
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Main goals of the polk presidency
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He was interested in aquiring california and oregon
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How the question of oregon country was settled
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polk compromised division of oregon along the 49th parallel. Brits to the south and americans to the north
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The settlement of utah
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Mormons settled in utah after they were kicked out and harassed by a lot of other states. Brigham young was new leader who led mormoms to the salt lake city valley and established theocracy which is a church and state combined. Plural marriage delayed admission but they eventually stopped it so utah could be admitted
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How california was settled and how life changed in the second quarter of the 19th century
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After spanish fransiscan missionaries, ranching took over, then in 1825, anmericans started to move in coming ion conflict with the mexican and indinas who were already there
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What happened in california when war broke out between US and mexicoin 1846
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Americans, who were led by JC freemont declared their independence. CA then became bear flag state
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How war broke out between US and mexico in 1846
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there was a dispute over the southern part of texas between the rio grande river and the nueces river. Polk sent forces to occupy area. Mexican militia was already there so war broke out
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The terms of the treaty of guadeloupe hidalgo in 1848
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Set texas boundary at rio grande river.
We got new mexico, CA, and all mexican territory to the north |
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The gadsden purchase
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we bought land from mexico along the border of mexico and new mexico for railroad purposes
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Wilmot-Proviso
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Named after david wilmot. Amendment added to bill--> Any of the territoties to be gained from mexico, slavery wont be allowed. This never passed.
It came to symbolize the issue of slavery |
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The factory conditions brought on by the industrial revolution
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Machines were dangerous, women and children were hired more because they were cheap laborers. Long hours, harsh discipline, and some attemps at union organization but wasnt successful
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Population changes in pre-civil war years. causes and results
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Vast immigration from ireland, germany, and britain. Birth rate dropped but population increased due to immigration
The cities became more populated and caused urban problems |
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How farming changed during this period (2)
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-Expanision onto western plains
-development of more advanced farm equipment |
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Leading literary figures of this time
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Hawthorne, emerson, poe, thoreau, longfellow, and more.
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Classes of white people in the south and their relative size
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Large plantation owners owned most of slaves and power. Largest 75% of whites in the south were non slaveowners. 20% owned only a few.
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How the cotton gin changed the demographics of slavery
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Increased the number of slaves and led to the westward expansion of cotton and slaves to alababma, mississippi, and beyond
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Frederick douglas
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He was a slave who escaped and became the most famous abolitionist.
He wrote an autobiography telling how slavery was and how each of his different owners treated him. After the civil war he became the leader of the struggle for civil rights |
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Nat turner
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He led the most drastic slave revolt in VA in 1831. 60 whites were killed. Turner was caught, executed, and the revolt was put down.
Led to more strict regulations of slaves |
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The southern economy
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Economy was dominated by plantations. cotton was most dominant having 75% of exports in the nation
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William Lloyd Garrison
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A northern abolitionist who began publishing the liberator(abolition newspaper)
Marked the beginning of the first anti-slavery movement. This will become an aggressive movement in the north |
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The gag rule
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A resolution to set aside all petitions about slavery
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The beliefs that supported slavery in the south (4)
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Whites thought slaves were natural and proper.
Slaves were the means of production. Fearful of slaves retaliating still remained a problem Non slaveowners saw it as a way to preserve their own status |
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How feelings about slavery changed ion the south from the revoluitionary war period to the mid 19th century
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Saw slavery as a right to property but denied the slaves right to liberty.
Saw it as a necessary evil but then they saw it as a positive good. |
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Reasons for changed feelings about slaves
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South felt very much under attack with the abolitionists and revolts. White southerners felt threatened of future slave revolts
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The issue of slavery in the territories
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Several northern territories coming in as free states. Southern states wanted to join other southern states as slave states but no states gained from mexico can have slaves.
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Theory of popular sovereignty as it applied to slaves and its chief advocate
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A method to resolve the deadlock over slavery. Applies to territories- ppl would vote whether or not to have slavery in their territory
Senator Steven Douglas was its chief advocate |
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The compromise of 1850 (5) and who introduced it
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- CA will come in to the union as a free state while utah and mexico will decide for themselves
- New mexico will get land and texas will get money -No slave trade in D.C. -No interferences with interstate slave trade -Newer, stricter fugitive slave laws was passed Introduced by Henry Clay |
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Causes for the breakup of the whig party
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The whig party didnt have clay and webster due to their deaths.
Antislavery element had gotten stronger and pushed southern whigs out of the party |
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How the fugitive slave law affected public opinion in the north
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The sight of slaves being returned to the south in chains made northerners more against slavery...
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How the publication of a novel affected anti slavery movement
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Harriet beecher stowe wrote uncle toms cabin.
It described the evils of slavery and it led to stronger antislavery feelings |
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The Kansas-Nebraska act (3)
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repeals missouri compromise and nebraska territory is divided into 2 parts
- Nebraska turns into Nebrasksa and Kansas -Poplular sovereignty determines slavery |
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How the kansas-nebraska act affected the missouri compromise in 1820
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It repealed it.
election fraud and kansas ended up with 2 opposing terrotorial governments. each with opposing governors and legislatures |
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Bleeding Kansas
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Term for the actual armed fighting conflict over the issue of slavery. Fighting will continue and finally emerge into the Civil war
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The example of congressional violence that occured
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Charles Sumner was a senator of mass who made a speech that insulted a senator from south carolina. The nephew of the south carolina senator beat charles sumner with a cane
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The beliefs of the new republican party
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wish to keep slavery out of the territories and thought that congress had the right to enforce this
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The events that led to the dred scott case and how supreme court ruled (3)
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Dred scott was a slave who lived in areas that were free and he thought he should still; be a free man even after his owner had died.
-Ruled that scott would be reverted to a slave when he returned to missouri. -A slave was property and no one could be deprived of property. -Territories could not pass laws prohibiting slavery. |
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Lincoln-Douglas debates
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Debates between lincoln and douglas for the illinois senate seat
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The freeport doctrine and whose doctrine was it
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Idea that ppl of a territory could exclude slavery by not passing laws to protect it.
It was Doouglas' doctrine |
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What john brown did, what happened, and its significance
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He had an idea to raid harpers ferry arsenal and have a big slave revolt. He was captured and executed. He became a hero to many people in the north and this added to the division between the north and south.
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The 4 candidates in the election of 1860 and why it happened
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lincoln- rep
douglas-dem. bell-const.union Breckennridge- S. democrats South cam up with breckennridge b/c they didnt like douglas for the freeport doctrine Then north came up with bell to even it out. |
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The action that so carolina took after lincolns election and what southerners expected to happen
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They called for a special convention and voted to seceed from the union
Most ppl thought they would be allowed to go their own way |
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The confederate states of america
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New government of the southern states set up in montgomery alabama
Had a new constitution which provided for slavery |
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What buchanon did about secession
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He said it was unconstitutional but then he said congress didnt have power to do anything about it
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The critteden compromise and what happened to it
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A compromise that would bring back the ideas of the missouri compromise
North and south didnt support it so it didnt pass |
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The situation of the south when lincoln took office
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secession had occured.
Most of the federal posts had been taken by confederacy. Upper south and border states were undecided |
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The tone of lincolns inaguaral address
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He took a friendly tone to the south hoping to bring southern states back into the union
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The action that lincoln took in regard to ft. sumter and what so. carolina did
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Lincoln notified the government of so. carolina that we wouldnt support the fort but he would resupply it.
So. carolina didnt like it so they opened fire with cannons and the fort surrendered |
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The effect of the firing of fort sumter on northern public opinion
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the south is seen as an agressor. United public opinion against the south and a great amount of people wanted to join the military
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Did all the states join the confederacy
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No.
Missouri, kentucky, West VA, Deleware, and MD didnt |
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The ways that the union side was militarily superior. North (3). And southern diadvanages
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North had more ppl, more industry, and had lincoln's superior leadership
South were running out of men, uniforms, and shoes. |
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The factors that were to the souths advantage (3)
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They had cotton and thought that they could get brits to help them fight because they were dependent on cotton for textile mills.
They were fighting on familiar territory and fighting for their homes South had better officers |
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How the confederate govt affected the souths war effort
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They were so commited to states rights that they wouldnt give them enough power to fight the war efficiently
Confederate leaders didnt get along and were bickering constantly |
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Comparisons of the positions of the radical republicans and the regular republicans
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Radicals- Wanted to free slaves
Regulars- Wanted to end rebellion and restore the union. Lincoln was with this side |
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Did lincoln ever act unconstitutionally?
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Yes. He enlarged military without approval of congress and authorized some illegal searches.
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Did britain ever help the confederacy?
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No. They didnt want to get ivolved because they were against slavery and knew about lincolns emancipation proclimation.
Also. britain had a surplus of cotton when war broke out. They were more dependent on food supply fom NW america. |
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Why it was easier for the north to finance the war than the south
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The north introduced income tax, other taxes, and collecting tariffs too.
In the south, ppl were opposed to direct taxation and werent collecting tariffs |
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How the war affected the economy in the north.
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The government was doing a lot of buying. Profiteers were making a lot of money off of the war honestly and dishonestly.
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The terms of the draft laws in the north and its results
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Allowed men to escape service by paying $300 or having someone replace them in service.
Led to draft riots --> poor ppl. were rioting against the rich and blacks |
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Norths strategy in the war (3)
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Naval blockade to cut off ports
Take the miss river to cut off food supply and split confederacy Take the confederate capital--> richmond virginia |
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What happened at the first battle of bullrun (first manassas) (3)
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Confederate troops were stationed in the area and Lincoln sent troops to get them out.
Northern troops were overconfident and southern troops drove them away because they had reinforcements. It made northerners more aware of southern strength and made southerners overconfident. |
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General McClelands flaw
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He was overcautious and reluctant to risk his troops in battle.
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The penninsula campaign
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McClellan brought his troops by sea and landed on the York penninsula. They marched up very slowly and cautiously.
When they reached Richmond, he delayed, split his party, and waited for reinforcements. They were attacked and driven back to the sea. |
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The monitor and the merrimack
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Armor plated ships. One from north(monitor) and one from south(merrimack). They encountered each other, fought, and came to a draw. The south later destroyed the merrimack because they didnt want it to fall into the hands of the north.
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The significance of the battle of antietam
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It was considered a union victory and a turning point in the war for 2 reasons--> led to Lincoln to pass the emancipation proclimation Brit and france decided they werent going to be involved at all.
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Emancipation proclimation
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Lincolns proclimation that freed slaves in the area still in rebellion but not in legal border states or in areas that were under federal control
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The significance of the battle of vicksburg
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It was in miss. Grant took the city of vicksburg
It cut the supply line in the confederacy and divided soldiers to both sides of miss river. |
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What happened when lee moved north into PA
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He encountered union troops and it developed into the battle of gettysburg
The south lost a lot of men and union general mead allowed southern men to retreat |
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Northern general who won the war in the west
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Grant
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Shermans march to the sea and its purpose
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His march devistated the countryside. Atlana was burned and they burned crops and houses while marching to savannah.
They aimed at destroying moral and to end the support of southerners confederacy |
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What happened at the appamattox courthouse
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Lee surrendered to grant
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How lincolns assasination affected the south
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Initial reaction was joy but then very soon they thought with the loss of lincoln, they lost their best chance of good treatment after the war
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The trent affair
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2 confederate diplomats sailing in a british ship called the trent to britain to ask for help from brits. They were stopped by a union warship and union soldiers took the confederates as prisoners.
It went against the right of neutrality and when brits protested, Lincoln had the prisoners released. |
