Larynx Ioe Anatomy

Front 1

LAYRYNX IS A CARTILLAGENOUS TUBE THAT?

Back 1

SURROUNDS THE GLOTTIS AND PROTECTS IT

Front 2

BEGINS AND ENDS AT WHICH VERTEBRATE

Back 2

C4/C5 START AND ENDS AT C6

Front 3

WHAT 3 THINGS MAKE UP THE LARYNX

Back 3

LIGAMENTS, MUSCLES, CARTILLAGES

Front 4

LIES ANTERIOR TO???

AND WHAT OPENS INTO THIS

Back 4

LARYNGOPHARYNX

Front 5

HAS A KEY ROLE IN?

WHEN OPEN, PARTIALLY OPEN. CLOSED WHAT DOES IT DO?

Back 5

PHONATION

open- allows breathing
partially open- allows talking
completely closed- protects the respiratory system.

Front 6

suspended from? by the?

Back 6

hyoid bone, by the thryohyoid membrane

Front 7

skeleton of the larynx is composed of

Back 7

3 unpaired and 6 paired cartillages

Front 8

in addition to the cartillage the skeleton, the larynx also contains?

Back 8

several membranes and a number of intrinsic muscles

Front 9

the laryngeal lumen is lined with?

Back 9

mucosa

Front 10

name the 3 paired and 1 paired cartillages that we are going to discuss?

Back 10

epiglottic, thyroid and cricoid are unpaired,

arytenoid is paired

Front 11

thyroid cartillage consists of?

Back 11

2 large laminae joined anteriorly in the midline at the thyroid angle, and superior and inferior horns positioned posteriorly

Front 12

inferior horns ariculate with??? at the ???? which do what?

Back 12

inferior horns articulate with the cricoid cartillage at the cricothyroid joints, these joints have a key role in modulating sound production

Front 13

most anterior part of the thyroid cartillage is?


this is the structure that underlies?

when does it grow?

Back 13

laryngeal prominence,

this is the structure that underlies the laryngeal prominence


it grows under the influence of testosterone at puberty,

Front 14

how does the voice change at puberty

Back 14

laryngeal prominence grows under the influence of testosterone at puberty, as the vocal cords attach to the deep surface of the thyroid cartilage, this change in size alters the voice

Front 15

what is the thyroid angle?

Back 15

90-120 degrees

Front 16

cricoid cartilage is the only?

what 2 main structures does it have

Back 16

only complete ring of cartillage in the human respiratory system

has an anterior arch and a posterior lamina

Front 17

has facets where?

what are each of these facets for, explain

Back 17

has lateral and superior facets

lateral facets are for articulation with inferior horn of thyroid cartillage

has superior facets for articulation with the arytenoid cartillage, and these are located on the cricoid laminae

Front 18

posteriorly it has a r.... and 2 de......

Back 18

ridge and 2 depressions

Front 19

each arytenoid cartillage has .... processes

state and explain each one's projection

Back 19

3 processes
vocal procell projects anteriorly
muscular process projects laterally
superior process projects superiorly

Front 20

has 2 depressions, what is each one for

Back 20

one below apex is for attachment with the vestibular ligament

other depression is for the attachement of the vocalis muscles

Front 21

epiglotti cartillage is part of the..... and forms the core of/

Back 21

part of the laryngeal skeleton and the epiglottic cartilage forms the core of the epiglottis

Front 22

what type of shape?

attaches to? where?

what's significant about this attachment?

Back 22

leaf shaped cartillage

attaches to the deep surface of the thyroid cartillage in the midline

this attachement is elastic allowing the epiglottic cartillage to move in the sagittal plane

Front 23

what is the job of the epiglottic cartillage, put this into context?

Back 23

as a bolus of food passes from the oropharynx to the laryngopharnyx, it pushes the epiglottis inferiorly, thereby closing off the laryngeal inlet
thus preventing food entering the larynx

Front 24

how does this movement occur?

Back 24

it is thought that the passive movement by the bolus is the main means by which the epiglottis is positioned over the laryngeal inlet

Front 25

during swallowing what happens to the larynx and epiglottis

Back 25

the larynx is elevated and the epiglottis folds back over the glottis, preventingfood and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.

Front 26

end of the epiglottic cartilage is referred to as the?

Back 26

stem

Front 27

name 3 laryngeal membrane

Back 27

thyrohyoid membrane
quadrangular membrane
circothyroid membrane

Front 28

thyrohyoid membrane runs from where? and inserts into where?

Back 28

runs entire length of the superior border of the thyroid cartillage and inserts into the hyoid bone

Front 29

quadrangular membrane runs from? to?

what different types of quadrangular membranes are there?

Back 29

runs from the superior process of the arytenoid cartilage

and inserts into the lateral edge of the epiglottic cartilage


there are right and left quadrangular membranes

Front 30

quadrangular membrane has a free unattached inferior edge which is called the?

this is the membranous core of the? also called the

Back 30

vestibular ligament


membranous core of the vestibular folds, also called then false vocal cords.

Front 31

cricothyroid membrane attaches to?

runs? to attach to?

Back 31

superior border of the cricoid arch

runs superiomedially, to attach to the thyroid cartillage anteriorly and the vocal process of the arytenoid cartillage posteriorrly

Front 32

what else may this membrane be called

Back 32

cricothyroid ligament or the conus elasticus

Front 33

explain the significance of the upper border of the criocothyroid membrane,?
what's it called?

what does it form?

Back 33

the upper free border of this membrane is thckened and is called the vocal ligament,

this is the membraneous core of the true vocal cords

Front 34

explain a cricothyrtomy

Back 34

where the cricothyroid membrane is incised in an emergency procedure, to establish an alternative airway

Front 35

explain how the vestibular ligament and the vocal ligament (fold) are positioned relative to one another?

Back 35

vestibular fold lies superior to the vocal folds

Front 36

the opening between the vocal folds is called the

Back 36

rima glottidis, or also known as the glottis

Front 37

cricothyroid muscle

origin?

insertion?
action?

innervation

Back 37

originates on the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid arch
inserts into inferior horn and lower border of thyroid cartillage

approximates (draws closer) the cricoid arch and the thyroid laminae

inervation by an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Front 38

what does approximating the cricoid arch and thyroid laminae do?

Back 38

it increases the length of the vocal folds which tends to lower pitch

it also increases tension in the vocal folds tending to raise pitch

Front 39

thyroarytenoid muscle,

origin?

insertion

action?

innervation

Back 39

origin- anterior deep surface of the thyroid cartillage, the muscle runs deep to the mucosa, just lateral to the vocal ligament

inserts into the superior process of arytenoid cartillage

action- seperates cricoid arch and thyroid laminae (opposing cricothyroid)

innervation by recurrent laryngeal nerve (x)

Front 40

what does this action do?

Back 40

DECREASES the length of the vocal folds, which tends to raise pitch.

it also DECREASEA the tension in thevocal folds tending to lower pitch

Front 41

to achieve a particular pitch what are used and for what

Back 41

the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles are used to set an apropriate vocal fold length

Front 42

what is then used to set an apropriate vocal fold tension without changing the vocal fold tension


what isn't changed

Back 42

tonic opposing contraction in the two muscles is then used to set an apropriate vocal tension, without changing vocal fold length

Front 43

in this way what can the 2 muscles on each side do?

what are these

Back 43

can set any achievable, fold length and tension.

these are the main determinants of pitch

Front 44

transverse and oblique interarytenoid muscles run where

what do some fibres continue as

Back 44

between the posterior surfaces of the 2 arytenoid cartillages, some fibres of the oblique interaytenoid continue as the aryepiglotticus muscles

Front 45

action



innervation

Back 45

moves both arytenoids medially, thereby adducting (moving towards the midline) the vocal folds

recurrent laryngeal nerve x

Front 46

what must be done to produce


voiced sounds


unvoiced sounds

Back 46

voiced sounds- vocal folds must make contact


unvoiced sounds - vocal folds do not make contact

Front 47

lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoid muscle,


origin

insertion

action

innervation

Back 47

origin- supero lateral border of the cricoid cartillage

insertion- muscular process of the arytenoid cartillage

action - medial rotation of the arytenoid cartillage leading to adduction of the vocal folds


innervation - by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 48

posterior crico arytenoid


origin


insertion

action

innervation

Back 48

origin- posterior surface of the cricoid lamina,

insertion- muscular process of the arytenoid cartillage

action - lateral rotation of the arytenoid cartillage, leading to the abduction (moving away from the midline) of the vocal folds

innervation by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 49

what reflects the importance of adduction over abduction

Back 49

substantially greater muscle mass dedicated to adduction reflects its importance

Front 50

vocal fold adduction is important in which processes

Back 50

defaecation, parturition and even manual activity involving the upper limbs.

Front 51

patients who have undergone a laryngectomy often report

Back 51

a loss of power in the upper limbs

Front 52

vocal fold abduction is necessary for ....
leading some to suggest

Back 52

neccesary for breathing


leading some to suggest that its the most important muscle in the body

Front 53

what nerve provides all the motor supply to all the muscles of the larynx

Back 53

the vagus nerve

Front 54

what else does it provide

Back 54

sensory supply to all of the larynx

Front 55

vagus nerve has 2 branches?

Back 55

superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve branches

Front 56

explain the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve

Back 56

internal laryngeal nerve branches, provide sensation to the vocal folds (important in the cough reflex)


external laryngeal nerve - motor supply to cricothyroid muscle

Front 57

where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve

arch?

ascend


pass?

gain access to?

Back 57

arches beneath the subclavian artery on the right or aortic arch on the left before ascending in the groove between the trachea and the oesaphagus.

passes deep to the inferior border of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx

to gain access to the larynx

Front 58

provides sensation to

Back 58

the inferior vocal folds and motor supply to all the laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid