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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What limbs and claws are most likely to cause lameness in cattle?
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Mostly rear limb, lateral claw
Also front limb, medial claw |
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What are some infectious diseases that cause lameness?
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Foot and mouth disease (Reportable)
Mucosal disease/BVD Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever (Reportable) Salmonellosis Vesicular stomatitis (Reportable) Bluetongue (Reportable) |
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General treatment for claw disease/lameness?
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Hygiene
Trim Block unaffected claw to get weight off the lame claw |
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Foot problems are responsible for what % of lameness?
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80%
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What is the treatment for pododermatitis circumscripta?
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-Trim all four feet correctly
-Place a block under the unaffected claw to take pressure off affected claw -Remove protruding granulation tissue + bandage -Abx if there is sepsis (local or systemic) -Soft bedding |
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What is pododermatitis circumscripta?
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A circular area of hemorrhage and necrosis in the area of the sole, bulb.
Often bilateral Lateral hind claw > medial front claw |
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What is interdigital phlegmone?
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Also called interdigital necrobacillosis
Cellulitis of the SQ tissue between the digits Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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What are the clinical signs of interdigital phlegmone?
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Swelling
Heat Pain Lameness Redness Claw separation d/t swelling FEVER Severe cases: skin necrosis, purulent exudates |
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What is the treatment for interdigital phlegmone?
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High penicillin dose
Cleanse area, bandage, frequent changes Improve stall hygiene |
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What are two types of digital dermatitis?
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Erosive/reactive - strawberry lesions
Proliferative - wart like lesions |
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What is interdigital dermatitis?
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Inflammation of the interdigital epidermis.
Caused by Dichelobacter nodosa, and others Dermal hyperplasia |
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What is the treatment for interdigital dermatitis?
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Cleaning
Local abx Improve stall hygiene |
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True or false:
Digital dermatitis is contagious. |
True!
May be caused by a Spirochete Spreads rapidly w/in a herd |
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What is the treatment for digital dermatitis?
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Topical abx (tetracycline) after cleansing
Foot baths to prevent spread Surgical resection of large lesions Improve stall hygiene |
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What are indications for digit amputation?
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P3 fracture
Coffin/pastern joint luxation Pedal osteitis, deep sepsis Septic arthritis of coffin/pastern joint |
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Advantages to doing a digit amputation?
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Fast, cheap
Remove the entire infected tissue Cattle usually return to full production quickly |
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Disadvantages to doing a digit amputation?
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Reduces lifetime (commonly culled in 2 years)
Opposite digit breaks down Heavy animals do poorly Poor cosmetic results |
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What cattle are poor candidates for digit amputation?
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>1500 lbs
Lateral hind claw (esp in breeding bulls) Medial front claw |
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At what level do you amputate the claw normally?
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Amputate at level of distal P1
Other options: Through proximal interphalngeal joint Through P2 Through distal interphalangeal joint |
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What is an alternative procedure to claw amputation?
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Arthrodesis of the coffin joint
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What are advantages of doing arthrodesis of the coffin joint?
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Longer production life
Improved outcome in heavy animals, lateral hind claws, medial fore claws Better cosmetic outcome |
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What are some disadvantages of doing arthrodesis of the coffin joint?
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More $$
More challenging More post op care Slower return to productivity due to more pain |
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What are some possible etiologies of septic arthritis/synovitis?
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Hematogenous
Penetrating wound Foot infection |
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What is the treatment for septic arthritis/synovitis?
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Treat primary problem
Joint lavage (repeated) - Use a huge needle (14 ga) to help rinse out fibrin chunks Regional perfusion with abx and lidocaine Intra-articular abx Systemic abx |
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True or false:
Young horses more frequently get epiphyseal fractures, while adults more commonly get diaphyseal fractures? |
True
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Why are cattle susceptible to coxofemoral luxation?
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Shallow acetabulum and no accessory ligament
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What is the most common presentation of coxofemoral luxation?
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Craniodorsal luxation
Often associated with parturition, or slippery floors |
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What are the clinical signs of coxofemoral luxation?
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Unable to bear weight, may be down
Shorter leg, outward rotation External pelvic landmarks are abnormal Crepitus upon manipulation of limb |
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What treatments are available for coxofemoral luxation?
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Treatment should be done in < 48 hours after injury
Closed reduction under heavy sedation or general anesthesia Open reduction Femoral head resection (poor outcome, cont. pain) |
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How do you treat flexural deformities in food animals?
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Splinting
IV tetracycline Surgery |
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What is Elso heal?
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Spastic paresis
Neuromuscular contracture disorder, resulting in progressive hyperextended posture of the rear limb. Heritable |
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What is the treatment for Elso heal?
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Salvage procedure
Tenotomy of the gastrocnemeus Tibial neurectomy |
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What is a bone sequestrum?
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Devitalized bone due to trauma or vascular pathology.
Tissue surrounding the sequestrum is the involucrum. Common on tuber coxae |
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What is the treatment for a bone sequestrum?
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Debride wound
Abx |
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What is a hygroma?
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A fluid swelling in the carpus or tarsus due to chronic trauma.
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What is the treatment for a hygroma?
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Benign neglect if not infected
Drainage Inject with abx, corticosteroids, atropine (?) Resection if infected |
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What disorder of calves causes atrophy of the quadriceps?
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Femoral neuropathy/Patellar luxation
Caused by birthing trauma Limb instability, unable to bear weight Lateral patellar luxation |
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True or false:
Treatment for femoral neuropathy/patellar luxation in calves is a lateral patellar imbrication |
False: perform medial patellar imbrication since the patella is laterally luxated.
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What joint most commonly has OCD in food animals?
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Tibiotarsal joint
Also: Stifle Shoulder Carpus Fetlock |
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What joints commonly get DJD in food animals?
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Hip and stifle
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